382 MALMGKENIA ANDREAPOLIS. 



little tapered, and the latter with shorter spinous regions. The structure of the scales 

 corresponds with the typical form. The body is purplish throughout. 



Habits. — They cling to the test near the mouth of Spatangns purpureas, and are thus 

 commensalistic forms. 



Prof. Harvey-Gibson and Mr. Hornell found them on Astropecten irregularis — 

 between the rows of pedicels — at a depth of 20 fathoms in the Liverpool district. 



The former gives an account of various structural features of this species. 



2. Malmgkenia andreapolis, Mcintosh, 1875. 



Specific Characters. — Head less pyriform than in M. castanea, with anterior peaks 

 more or less adnate. Eyes smaller than in M. castanea ; anterior pair wider apart than 

 the posterior. Median tentacle incomplete in all ; lateral tentacles small and subulate, 

 with two brown rings at the base. Palpi smooth. Tentacular cirri brownish, with a 

 few clavate cilia. Body elongate. Scales, fifteen pairs (?); first pair rounded, rest reni- 

 form or irregularly rounded. Those after the second pair with a brown ring more or 

 less complete, and at the sixth or seventh pair a V-shaped mark and a spot become 

 distinct. A belt of small papilla? (microscopic) occurs along the central region of the 

 anterior border and extends to the inner corner in the reniform scales. Tips of feet are 

 blunt and bifid ; dorsal division less developed than in M. castanea ; bristles slender, 

 slightly tapered, with a probe-like tip, and minute serrations on the edge. Ventral 

 bristles long, translucent, with a tapering spinous region which is simple superiorly — 

 ending in a distinct knob, the next series with a secondary process beneath the claw- 

 like tip, and inferiorly a single knob. A few clavate cilia occur on the stout, brownish, 

 and tapered dorsal cirri. The ventral cirri are slender and tapering, reaching only a 

 little beyond the bases of the bristles, and have a few short clavate cilia. 



Synonyms. 



1875. Malmgrenia andreapolis, Mcintosh. Invert, and Fishes, St. A., p. 117. 



1876. „ „ idem. Trans. Zool. Soc, ix, p. 377, pi. lxvii, f. 20—23. 



Habitat. — Not uncommon in the debris of the fishing-boats from the off-shore 

 (E. and R.), on the west sands after storms (E. M.), and in the stomachs of cod and 

 haddock at St. Andrews (E.). 



Head (Plate XXVIII, fig. 8) tinted with brown on each side in the preparations, 

 the pale median groove marking off the symmetrical coloured areas on each side. The 

 anterior peaks are more or less adnate, but still visible at the origins of the lateral 

 tentacles. The head is less pyriform than in M. castanea, the eyes are smaller, and the 

 anterior pair are wider apart than the posterior pair. The anterior eyes look forward and 

 outward. The median tentacle is incomplete in all. The lateral are small and subulate, 

 with two brown rings at the base ; they are not in a condition to show cilia if they are 

 present. The palpi are smooth. The tentacular cirri are brownish, and have a few 

 clavate papillse. The pigment under the median tentacle is better marked than in the 

 former species. 



