18 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



JussiEu's Natural System. — To Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, 

 however, belongs the great merit of having first devised a com- 

 prehensive natural system. His method was first made known 

 in the year 1789. It was founded upon the systems of Bay and 

 Tournefort, to which he made some important additions, more 

 especially ia considering the position of the stamens with respect 

 to the ovary. The following table, which requires no explana- 

 tion, represents his arrangement. 



Acotyledons 

 Monocotyledons 



ApetaliE 

 / 



o 



ft 



Monopetal83 



( Stamens hypogynous. 

 \ Stamens perigynous. 

 I Stamens epigynous. 

 ■ Stamens epigynous. 



Stamens perigynous. 



Stamens hypogynous. 



Corolla hypogynous. 

 CoroUa perigynous. 



Corolla epigynous. 



riass. 



1. Acotyledones. 



2. Monohypogynte. 



3. Monoperigynit. 



4. Monoepigynse. 



5. Epistaminese. 



6. Peristaminese. 



7. Hypostaminese. 



8. HypocoroUae. 



9. PericoroUse. 

 .10. EpiooroUie Syn- 



antherse (anthers 

 coherent). 



11. EpicoroUsE Coris- 

 antherse (anthers 

 distinct) . 



12. Epipetalse. 



13. Hypopetalise. 



14. Peripetala3. 



15. Diclines. 



Under these fifteen classes Jussieu arranged 100 natural 

 orders or families. Tliis was the first natural arrangement in 

 which an attempt was made to assign characters to natural 

 orders, but so admirably were these drawn up, that they have 

 formed the basis of all succeeding systematists. Indeed, the 

 limits of a great many of Jussieu's natiiral orders are identical 

 with those of the present day. 



De Candollb's Natural System. — The next system of note 

 after that of Jussieu was that of Augustin Pyramus de CandoUe, 

 which was first promulgated in 1813, This system, modified, 

 however, in some important particulars, is that which is most 

 in use at the present day. In the first place, De CandoUe 

 divided plants into two great divisions or sub-kingdoms, called 



(Petals epigynous. 

 Pol.vpetaliE \ Petals hypogynous. 



(Petals perigynous. 

 Diclines irregulares 



