284 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



other 2 petals are posterior, and alternate with the wings and 

 posterior sepal of the calyx, and are often united to the keel ; 

 sometimes there are 5 petals, and then the 2 additional ones 

 are of small size, and alternate with the wings and anterior 

 sepals. Stwmens hypogynous, 8 ; usually combined into a tube, 

 imequal, the tube split on the side next to the posterior 

 sepal ; anthers clavate, innate, usually l-celled, rarely 2-celled, 



Fig. 1051. 



Fie. 1052. Fig. 1053. Fig. 1054. 



'Vv-^ 



Fig. 1056. 



Fig. 1055. 



i-'uj. 1051. A portion of the stem of the common 

 Milkwort {Pohjgala vulgaris), with simple alter- 

 nate exstipulate leaves, and irregular flowers. 



Fig. 1052. Diagram of the flower of the 



same. s. Sepals, ps, ps, ps. Posterior and 

 anterior large petals, pr, pr. Lateral petals. 



e. Stamens, c. Carpels. Fig. 105^. Gynoecium 



of the same. ov. Ovary, styl. Style, stig. 



Stigma. Fig.l05i. Priiit with one cell opened. 



per. Pericarp, gr. Seed. r. Caruncula. Fig. 



1055. Section of seed. te. Testa, ar. Caruncula. 



ai. Albumen. ^i. Embryo. Fig. 1056. Andrce- 



cium of the same, with one-celled anthers 

 dehiscing at their apex. 



opening by a pore at their apex, or rarely by valves. Ovary 2 — 3- 

 'celled, one cell being frequently abortive ; ovules solitary or twin, 

 suspended ; style simple, curved, sometimes hooded at the apex ; 

 stigma simple. Fruit varying in its nature and texture, inde- 

 hiscent or opening in a loculicidal manner, occasionally winged. 

 Seeds pendulous, smooth or hairy, with a caruncule next the 

 hilum ; embryo straight or nearly so, in copious fleshy albumen, 

 and with the radicle towards the hilum. 



