360 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Properties omd Uses. — Generally stimulant, aroma-tic, dia- 

 phoretic, and somewhat tonic. 



Order 160. Coenacb^, the Dogwood Order. — Character. — 

 Shrubs, trees, or rarely herbs. Leaves simple, opposite or very 

 rarely alternate, exstipulate. Flowers perfect or rarely uni- 

 sexual, arranged in heads, or in a corymbose or umbellate 

 manner, with or without an involucre. Calyx superior, 4-lobed. 

 Petals 4, broad at the base, inserted at the top of the calyx- 

 tube ; (estivation valvate. Stamens 4, inserted with the petals 

 and alternate to them. Ova/ry inferior, surmounted by a disc ; 

 usually 2-celled ; ovule pendulous, solitary, anatropous ; style 

 and stigma simple. Frv/it drupaceous, crowned with the 

 remains of the calyx. Seed pendulous ; embryo in the axis of 

 fleshy albumen. 



Diagnosis. — Trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with simple ex- 

 stipulate, and (with but one exception) opposite leaves. Flowers 

 perfect, or sometimes unisexual. Calyx superior, 4-lobed. Co- 

 roUa with 4 petals, and a valvate aestivation. Stamens 4, alternate 

 with the petals. Ovary inferior, surmounted by a disc ; usually 

 2-celled, with a single pendulous anatropous ovule in each cell ; 

 style and stigma simple. Fruit drupaceous. Embryo in the 

 axis of fleshy albumen. 



Distribution and Numbers. — Natives of the temperate parts 

 of Europe, Asia, and America. Illustrative Genera : — Cornus, 

 Linn. ; Auouba, Thunb. There are moTe than 70 species. 



Properties and Uses. — The plants of this order are chiefly 

 remarkable for tonic, febrifugal, and astringent properties. 



Order 161. Gaeeyaoe*, the Garrya Order. — Character. 

 Evergreen shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. Floivers uni- 

 sexual, apetalous, amentaceous. Male flower with 4 sepals, and 

 stamens alternating with them. Female flower with a superior 

 -2-toothed calyx, and 1 — 3-oelled ovary with 2 styles, and 2 

 pendulous stalked ovules. Fruit indehiscent, baccate, 2-seeded. 

 Seeds with a very minute embryo in abundant albumen. By 

 Bentham amd Hooker this order is incVuded in Cornacece. 



Distribution and Numbers. — Natives of the temperate parts 

 of North America, or of the West Indies, Illustrative Genera : — 

 Garrya, Dougl. ; Fadgenia, Endl. These are the only genera ; 

 they include 6 species. 



Properties and Uses. — But little is known of the properties 

 of these plants ; but Garrya Fremontii, a native, of California, 

 is known as the Quinine Bush from its leaves being used in 

 fevers and ague. 



