366 



MANUAL OP BOTANY 



Sub-Class III. — GamopetaljE or Corolliflor^. 

 Series 1. — Inferce or EpigyncB. 

 Cohort 1. — Eubiales. 

 Order 163. CaprifoliacbjB, the Honeysuckle Order. — Cha- 

 racter. — Small trees, shrubs, or raxelj herbs, ieaties opposite, 

 usually exstipulate. Calyx superior, 4 — S-cleft. Corolla gamo- 

 petalous, 4 — 5-cleft, tubular or rotate, regular or irregular, 

 rarely polypetalous. Stamens 4 — 5, inserted on the corolla, 

 and alternate with its lobes. Ovary inferior, 1 — 6-oelled, often 

 with 1 ovule in one cell, and several in the others, pendulous, or 

 suspended ; style filiform or absent ; stigmas 1 — 3 or 5. Fruit 

 indehiscent, 1- or more-celled, dry or succulent, and crowned by 



Pig. 1121. 



Fie. 1122. 



Fig. 1123. 



Fig. 1121. Pistil of tlie common Elder (Sambucus nigra) surrounded by a 



superior 5-lobed calyx, Fig. 1122. Entire flower of the same. Fig. 



1123. Vertical section of the seed. 



the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds solitary or numerous ; embryo 

 small, in fleshy albumen. 



Diagnosis. — Small trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with oppo- 

 site usually exstipulate leaves. Calyx superior, 4— S-cleft, per- 

 sistent. Corolla gamopetalous, and bearing commonly as many 

 stamens as it has lobes, to which they are alternate ; regular 

 or irregular. Ovary inferior, 1 — 6-cell6d. Fruit indehiscent. 

 Seeds with fleshy albumen. 



Distribution OAid Numbers.— ChisQ-y natives of the northern 

 parts of Europe, Asia, and America. They are rare in the 

 southern hemisphere. Illustrative Genera : — Lonicera, Linn. ; 

 Viburnum, Linn. ; Sambucus, Linn. There are about 220 



species. 



Properties and 



Uses. — The plants of this order have fre- 



