DICOTYLEDONES— COBOLLIFLOE.E 



367 



quently showy flowers, whicli are also commonly sweet-scented ; 

 hence many are cultivated in our gardens and shrubberies, as 

 Honeysuckles, which are species of Oaprifoliitin and Lonicera ; 

 Guelder Eoses (Viburnu7n Opuhis), Laurustinus (Viburmimi 

 Tinus), Snowberry {Symphoricarpus racemosus), &c. Some are 

 emetic and purgative ; others astringent, sudorific, or diuretic ; 

 and some are acrid. 



Order 164. BubiacbjE, the Madder Order. — Character. — 

 Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Stems rounded or angular. Leaves 

 simple, entire, and either opposite and with interpetiolar stipules, 

 or whorled and exstiptdate. {The vieiv is commonly held that 

 the lohorls of apparent leaves are in reality partly formed of 

 leaves and partly of stipules, which resemble the true leaves in 



Fig. 1124. 



Fig. 1125. 



Fig. 1126. 



Fig. 1127. 



Fig. 1124. Diagram of the flower of the Madder {Riibia tinctorum). Fig. 



1125. Pistil of the Madder, with its ovary adherent to the calyx, cal. 



St. Styles and stigmas. Fig. 1126^ Pistil of the G-oose-grass or Cleavers 



(Galium Aparine) adherent to the calyx, &, by its ovary. 5^ Styles. 



Fig. 1127. Vertical section of the fruit and seeds of the same. a. Albumen. 

 c. Embryo, pi. Placenta. 



appearance.) Inflorescence cymose. Calyx superior, with the 

 limb 4 — 6-toothed or entire, or obsolete. Corolla epigynous, 

 gamopetalous, regular, tubular or rotate, with its lobes corre- 

 sponding in number to the teeth of the calyx when the latter is 

 divided ; cestivation valvate. Stamens inserted upon the corolla 

 and equal in nimiber to, and alternate with, its lobes. Ovary 

 inferior, crowned by a disc, usually 2- celled or sometimes more ; 

 style 1 or 2, stigma simple or divided. Fruit inferior, 2-oeUed 

 or rarely more, dry or succulent, indehiscent or separating into 

 two or more dry cocci. Seeds 1, 2, or more, in each cell ; when 

 few they are erect or ascending, or when numerous, then at- 

 tached to axile placentas ; embryo small, in horny albumen 

 {fig. 1127, a). 



Diagnosis. — ^Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite simple 

 entire leaves, interpetiolar stipules, and rounded stems ; or with 

 whorled exstipulate leavee, and angular stems. Calyx superior. 



