368 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Corolla regular, epigynous, with its lobes valvate. Stamens 

 equal in number to the teeth of the oalyx and segments of the 

 corolla, with the latter of which they are alternate, epipetalous. 

 Ovary inferior, 2- or more-celled, with an epigynous disc ; ovules 

 anatropous. Fruit inferior. Seeds 1 or more in each cell, with 

 horny albumen. 



Division of the Order and Illustrative Genera. — This order 

 was separated by Lindley into two orders, the Cinchonacece and 

 the QaUacecB or Btellatce. The G-aliaeese of Lindley were more 

 especially distinguished from the Cinchonacese by their whorled 

 exstipulate leaves and angular stems. The order Bubiacese is 



Fig. 1128. 



Fig. 1129. 



Fig. 1130. 



Fig. 1128. Yertical section of the ovary, &c., of the Red Valerian ( Centrati- 



thus ruber), ca. Calyx, co. Corolla, sty. Style, ou. Ovule. Fig. 112^. 



Fruit of Scabiosa purpurea {Dipmceas), surjnouated by the pappose calyx. 



Fig. 1130. One of the central florets of the capitulum of Scabiosa 



purpurea, with the ovary, &c., cut vertically. 



now divided by Hooker and Bentham into three series, each of 

 which is again divided into sub-series and tribes. The Galiacese 

 of Lindley are natives of the northern parts of the northern 

 hemisphere and the mountains of the southern; while the 

 CinchonacetE are almost exclusively natives of tropical and 

 warm regions. There are about 8,000 species in the Rubiace* 

 as defined above. Illustrative Genera : — Galium, Linn. ; 

 Cinchona, Linn, ; Ixora, Linn. 



Properties and Uses. — The properties of the plants of this 

 extensive order are very important. Many possess tonic, febri- 

 fugal, astringent, emetic, or purgative properties ; some are 



