372 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



corresponded to the Natural Order Composite as above defined), 

 were arranged in five orders, under the names of Polygamia 

 mqualis, P. superflua, P. frustrcmea, P. necessaria, and P. 

 segregata. Jussieu separated the Compositse into three sub- 

 orders as foUovifs : — 1. Gorymbiferce, the plants of which have 

 either all tubular and perfect florets ; or those of the disc tubular 

 and perfect, and those of the ray tubular or ligulate and pistilli- 

 ferous (radiant). 2. Gynarocephalw, the florets of which are all 

 tubular and perfect ; or those of the disc perfect, and those of 

 the ray neuter. And 3. CichoracecB, having all the florets ligu- 

 late and perfect. A fourth sub-order was afterwards added. 



Fig. 1135. 



Fiff. 1135. Styles and stigmas of composite flowers to illustrate De CandoUe's 

 tribes, after Heyland and Lindley. 1. Alherlinia erythropappa (Vernonieffi). 

 2, Anisoclueta mikanioides (EupatorieEe). 3. Biumea senecioides fAste- 

 roideae). 4. Menderia hicolor (Senecioidese). 5. Lipochwta umhellnta 

 (SenecioideEe). 6. Aplotaxis nepalensis (Cynareie). 7. Leucomeris spi'iia- 

 biUs (Mutisieae). 8. Letfceria tenuis (Nassauviese). 



called Labiatiflorce, which includes those plants the florets of 

 which were bilabiate, and which were unknown to Jussieu. The 

 arrangement most frequently adopted at the present day is that 

 of De CandoUe ; this was founded on that of Lessing. It is as 

 follows : — 



Sub-order 1. Tubuliflor*;.— Florets all tubular and perfect ; 

 or those of the centre (disc) are tubular, and alone perfect, 

 while those of the circumference (ray) are tubular or ligulate, 

 and pistillate or neuter ; juice watery. This sub-order in- 

 cludes the CorymbiferiE and Cynarocephalse of Jussieu. It 

 has been divided into five tribes as follows : — 



