396 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



bearing little pouches or air-receptacles. Flowers irregular, 

 bracteate. Calyx persistent, bilabiate. Corolla personate or 

 bilabiate, spurred. Stamens 2, included ; anthers 1-celled. 

 Ovary 1-celled ; style 1, short ; stigma bilabiate ; placenta free 

 central. Fruit a capsule, 1-celled. Seeds minute, numerous, 

 anatropous, exalbuminous ; embryo thick, straight, sometimes 

 undivided. 



Distribution and Numbers. — Natives of all parts of the 

 globe, but more particularly of tropical regions. Illustrative 

 Genera : — Utricularia, Linn. ; Pinguioula, Tourn. There are 

 about 180 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Of little importance. The leaves of 

 Pinguicula and the pitchers of Utricularia have the property 

 of capturing insects. 



Order 202. CoLUMELLiACBffi, the Columellia Order. — Cha- 

 racter. — Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, ex- 

 stipulate. Flowers unsymmetrical, yellow, terminal. Calyx 

 superior, 5-parted. Corolla epigynous, rotate, 5 — 8-partite, 

 imbricate. Stamens 2, epipetalous ; anthers sinuous, with 

 longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, surmounted 

 by a fleshy disc. Fruit capsular, 2-oelled, many-seeded. Seeils 

 with fleshy albumen ; embryo minute. 



Distribution and Numbers. — Natives of Mexico and Peru. 

 It contains only the genus Columellia, Lour., which includes 3 

 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Unknown. 



Order 208. — Gesneeace^, the Gesnera Order. — Character. 

 Herbs, or soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves wrinkled, exstipulate, 

 generally opposite or whorled. Flowers irregular, showy. 

 Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed, perigynous or hypogynous. 

 Stamens diandrous or didynamous with the rudiment of a 

 fifth ; anthers 2-celled, frequently united. Ovary of 2 carpels, 

 autero-posterior, superior or half-inferior, 1-celled, surrounded 

 by an annular fleshy disc or by glands ; style 1. Fruit 

 capsular or succulent, 1-celled, with 2-lobed parietal placentas. 

 Seeds numerous, with or without albumen ; embryo with 

 minute cotyledons and a long radicle. 



Division of the Order and Illustrative Genera. — The order 

 has been divided into two sub-orders or tribes as follows : — 

 Sub-order 1. Gbsnerb^. — Ovary partially adherent to the 



calyx. Seeds albuminous. Illustrative Genera : — Gesnera, 



Mart. ; Gloxinia, L'Hirit. 

 Sub-order 2. CyetandrEjE. — Ovary not adherent to the calyx. 



