NIGERIA 198 
VERBENACEZE by Vitex Cienkowskii, a fair-sized tree, V. diversifolia, 
a small tree or shrub, and undershrubs such as Lantana salvifolia, Lippia 
Ukambensis, and a few species of Clerodendron, etc. 
EvprHorBiacea& by Uapaca Guineense, usually only a rather small 
tree in the deciduous forest, Bridelia ferruginea and B. scleroneura, 
both shrubs, Phyllanthus floribundus, forming sometimes thicket-like 
clumps, P. reticulatus, a shrub, Flueggea microcarpa, a white-berried 
shrub, Antidesma venosum, and very typically by the Jan yaro, 
Hymenocardia acida, a shrub which in these open regions has nearly 
always an ochre-red bark. Numerous herbs and half-woody weeds 
are common, belonging to the genus Huphorbia (H. pilulifera, E. 
Aigyptiaca, and congeners), Acalypha, Phyllanthus, etc., the Castor 
Oil shrub (Ricinus communis) and the Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) 
are cultivated, while thoroughly representative through the whole 
area are the familiar cactus-like Tinya, Euphorbia untspina and E. 
Poissoni, and the Kerana, H#. Barteri, the latter at least never away 
from habitations. 
Moracez by a host of species of the genus Ficus (or Urostigma) 
not yet fully elaborated botanically, e.g. Baure, Chediya, Durumi, 
Kauriri, Wa, etc. a 
Urmacez. A representative variety is Celtis integrifolia, a 
fairly large tree. 
SaLicacez by one species of Saliz. 
LORANTHACEZ by seven or eight species of the parasite Loranthus, 
called Kauchi, clothing deciduous trees with epiphytic foliage. 
Orders represented mainly by flowering herbs, undershrubs, etc., 
are : 
MENISPERMACEE by the popular medicinal twiner Jibda kassa, 
Cissampelos Pareira. 
NympuEeace@ by at least four species of Bada or water-lily, 
Nymphea. 
PaPAVERACES by the Yellow Poppy, Argemone Mexicana. 
CaRYOPHYLLACEZ by species of Polycarpea characteristic of the 
dry zone. 
GERANIACE® by the familiar weed Biophytum sensitivum. 
DRosERACEZ by the widely distributed Sun-dew, Drosera indica. 
AMPELIDEZ by numerous vines of the genera Vitis, Cissus, and 
Ampelocissus, of which perhaps the most striking are Dodoriya, 
Vitis quadrangularis, and Dafara, Vitis pallida, while wild vines 
with edible berries called Tsiberi kinkini are generally of one or other 
species of Ampelocissus. 
Cucursitace& by the familiar cultivated Kabeova or pumpkin, 
Cucurbita Pepo, and Duma, the bottle-gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris, 
with its endless varieties, the Guna or water-melon, Citrullus vulgaris, 
and by many wild and half-wild species, e.g. the Balsam Apple, 
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