194 WEST AFRICAN FORESTS AND FORESTRY 
Momordica balsamina, the Loofah gourd, Luffa Aigyptiaca and L. acutan- 
gula, Cucumis prophetarum, and one or more species of tuberous- 
rooted T'rochomeria. 
Ficorprz by common succulent weeds, e.g. T'rianthema monogyna, 
T. pentandra, and Giesekia pharnaceoides, and by species of Mollugo 
in river-beds, etc. 
Composirz by some weeds of cosmopolitan distribution, e.g. 
Ageratum conyzoides, Eclipta alba, etc., and by very numerous herbs 
and suffrutescent plants, amongst which the genus Vernonia is the most 
abundantly represented, including one typical of the region, viz. 
V. nigritiana, with several species of Aspillia, Coreopsis, etc., and the 
chewstick shrub, Vernonia amygdalina. 
MELASTOMACE by a few species of Dissotis and Osbeckia. 
CaMPANULACEZ by a common little blue-flowered weed, Cephalo- 
stigma Perrottetit, and a water herb, Sphenoclea Zeylanica. 
HypDROPHYLLACEZ by three or more species of Hydrolea, e.g. 
H. Guineensis, etc. 
LENTIBULACE2 by ten or more species of Utricularia. 
CoNVOLVULACEZ, a conspicuous order, well represented by numerous 
species of Ipomea, a few of Merrimia, and a few erect undershrubs 
of the genus Astrochlena, to which one may add the little blue- 
flowered weed Evolvulus alsinoides, of wide distribution in the 
world. 
Sotanacez by the “Thorn Apple,” Datura Metel, by numerous 
species of Solanum, some edible, e.g. the several cultivated varieties 
of the native bitter tomato, Gauta, varieties of S. Melongena ; others 
poisonous, e.g. Gautan kura, Solanum incanum, and others; also by 
two common weeds of the genus Physalis, and the popular herb simple, 
Dandana, Schwenkia Americana. 
ScROPHULARACEZ by Scoparia dulcis, of world-wide distribution, 
and by several parasitic species of Striga, of which the most familiar 
is the Makasar adwa, S. Senegalensis. Besides numerous humble 
weeds of cosmopolitan genera, e.g. Moniera, Ilysanthes, etc., mostly 
occurring in damp places, two or three species of Sopubia may be taken 
as characteristic of the bush-lands. 
ACANTHACEZ by a variety of weeds, etc., of the genera Blepharis, 
Monechma, Justocoa, etc., to which the following may be added as 
characteristic of the Order in Hausaland: Nelsonia campestris, a 
soft herb of slightly acid taste, Peristrophe bicalyculata, an occasional 
fodder plant, and Dyschoriste Perrottetii, the mucilaginous seeds of 
which are used to remove spicules from the eye. 
PEDALIACE by the locally cultivated Ridi, Sesamum Indicum, and 
other wild species of Sesamum, by the weed Ceratotheca sesamoides, 
and by the half-shrubby Rogeria adenophylla. 
Lapiata by several cultivated tubers, such as the Tumuku and 
