NIGERIA 199 
LrcuMINosz#: Acacias are the most typical, but are not as a 
rule markedly flat-topped, e.g. A. Seyal, A. Senegal, A. albida var. 
saccharata, Dichrostachys platycarpa, forming thorny thickets, while En- 
tada Sudanica, Acacia Sieberiana, A. campylacantha, Albizzia Chevaliert 
and others are also evident. Parkinsonia aculeata is found in towns ; 
the Tripoli or Senegal Senna, Filasko, Cassia obovata, is common, and 
the Tsamiya, Tamarindus Indica, becomes a predominant tree. 
Rosacea: the Ginger-bread Plum, Gawasa, Parinariuwm macro- 
phyllum, is more familiar. 
CoMBRETACEZ: the Geza, Combretum sp. near C. altum, a 
shrub or small tree, with several gum-yielding trees of the same genus ; 
the low shrub Sabarra, Guiera Senegalensis, is perhaps the most 
typical plant of the nearly treeless savannah. 
CurncuRBITACEEH : the half-wild Gurji, Cucumis Melo, var. agrestis, 
is common, and the Bambus, a variety of water-melon, is known in 
the North. 
Rupiace#: a characteristic species is Randia Nilotica, a thorny 
shrub ; Gardenia Sokotensis is a new species found on low rocky hills. 
Apocynace#: the Kariya, Adenium Honghel, an unarmed cactus- 
like shrub, deciduous, with rose-coloured flowers, planted in towns, 
is characteristic. 
ASCLEPIADACES : the small milk-weed, Glossonema Nubicum, and the 
twiners Ozxystelma Bornuense, Pergularia tomentosa and Leptadenia 
lancifolia, are all abundant, while the Karan masallachi, Caralluma 
Dalzielii, generally planted farther south, is found wild on bare rocky 
places. 
EUPHORBIACEZ : very typical are the two milk hedge Euphorbias, 
Aguwa, #. sepium, and Fidda sartsi, EL. lateriflora. 
Morace#: species of Ficus planted for shade grow to a large 
size, especially the Chediya, F. Thonningii, and the Durumi, F. 
syringifolia ; other species generally start as epiphytes. 
The GRraMINEZ is the prevailing Natural Order of Monocotyledons, 
and includes all types—little annuals, perennial-rooted Andropogons, 
etc., and the Burugu, Panicum stagninum, which blocks the streams. 
The fragrant Nobe, Cymbopogon Sennariensis, is a characteristic 
tufted species, whilst the bur-grass Karangia, Cenchrus catharticus, 
has long since spread far southward. 
Rice and wheat are cultivated ; the Bulrush Millet, Gero, Pennisetum 
typhoideum, tends to displace Sorghum, and a wild rice, Oryza silvestris, 
is found. The cultivated sugar-cane is the Takanda, Sorghum vulgare, 
var. saccharatum. 
Of LiztacE the onion and garlic are features of cultivation. 
Several bulbous herbs not peculiar to the North are common, e.g. 
Dipcadi occidentale, Urginea spp., etc. 
