NIGERIA 205 
cattle-grazing and horse-breeding are important industries proper to 
the region. 
VII. Some Trees oF HavsaLanD 
By Dr. J. M. Dauzret. 
A few notes on some of the better known trees of Northern Nigeria 
are here given, the Hausa name being appended in most cases. 
Afrormosia laxiflora, Harms (Leguminose). Makarfo. 
In the mixed deciduous forests towards the coast this appears as 
a large timber tree, in certain regions dominant both in abundance 
and size, and is also a constituent of the moist evergreen forests. In 
Northern Nigeria it never forms a straight stem, never attains the 
dimensions of a timber tree, and has generally a twisted stem and main 
branches. Its habit, therefore, rather than its mere presence, affords 
a striking instance of the changes accompanying the limited rainfall of 
the savannah forests, and its distribution probably does not extend 
beyond the northern boundary. The trunk has a somewhat pale 
piebald appearance, resulting from the flaking of large pieces of the bark 
exposing lighter portions below. The centre wood is so dark in colour 
as to have led European foremen of works to report it as lignum vite, 
and the wood is hard enough to earn for it in some districts, along with 
other trees, the designation “break axe.” It has shining leaves, 
whitish flowers and thin, flat pods. 
Afzelia Africana, 8m. Kawo; “ African” or ‘‘ Rhodesian ” Mahogany, 
“Mahogany Bean,” etc. 
A large tree, common to nearly all types of forest in West Africa, 
tropical high forest, mixed deciduous and savannah. In Northern 
Nigeria large specimens may still be found, though these do not generally 
have tall, straight stems, but show the wide-spreading umbrella crown 
common in drier regions. 
Paradaniellia Oliveri, Rolfe. Kadaura or Maje. 
This has previously been classed with Daniellia thurifera, Bennett, 
the so-called West African Copaiba Balsam Tree. 
In the Northern Provinces of Nigeria it is one of the largest trees, 
60 to 80 feet, with strong, straight stems and affording good timber 
for local use. The chief native use of the oleo resin is to fumigate 
garments. Its distribution probably stops short of the northern 
boundary. 
Isoberlinia doka, Craib, et Stapf. Doka. 
A tree which is the prevailing type in the savannah forests of 
Central Hausaland, generally 30 to 40 feet high, with broad, shining 
