NIGERIA 2138 
easily recognized by the fruits having four papery wings and the usually 
whorled arrangement of the leaves. The Northern Nigerian species 
have not all been fully determined, and the native names are at present 
somewhat confused and may include more than one species. Most of 
them in this region are shrubs or small trees, occasionally reaching 
30 feet or so, with smooth or hoary foliage. The Taramniya is 
generally C. leonense, Engl. and Diels; the Chiriri of Sogoto includes 
probably C. Hartmannianum, Schweinf., and other species ; the Dalo 
is C. glutinosum, Perr., or near it. 
Parinarium curatellefolium, Planch (Rosacez). Rura. 
A small tree, very common in the bush and forest savannah, usually 
only about 10 to 15 feet high, with pale leaves and a dry, pear-like 
fruit. Of its congeners, P. macrophyllum, Sabine, the Gawasa or 
Gingerbread Plum, is its representative in most northerly provinces, 
and P. polyandrum, Benth., with grape-like bunches of purple not 
edible fruit, is common in the southern parts of the deciduous region. 
Eugenia Owariensis, Beauv. (Myrtaceze). Malmo. 
A small tree, generally about 20 to 30 feet in height and always 
found in moist places, by streams, ete. It has shining, odorous foliage, 
white, fragrant flower-clusters, and a small black-purple, succulent 
fruit. 
Cussonia Nigerica, Hutch. (Araliacer). Gwabsa or Takandar giwa. 
A new species, occurring in the open and bush savannahs as a small 
tree from 10 to 15 feet in height, with peculiar bare, raking branches, 
producing at their ends clusters of digitate leaves or of long catkin- 
like spikes of inconspicuous flowers. Incisions in the rough, fissured 
bark yield a clear gum. (For the native name compare Hannoa 
undulata.) 
Crateva Adansonii, G. et P. (Capparidez). Ingidido. 
A small tree, occasionally 20 feet high, fairly abundant in the North, 
of local distribution and common in towns. The leaves are trifoliate 
and can be used as a vegetable; the flowers are white and the fruit 
yellow, spherical, and about the size of a small orange. 
Zizyphus spina-Christi, Wilid. (Rhamnacee). Kurna. 
A small tree characteristic of the dry open regions and commonly 
planted in northern towns. It is generally about 10 to 20 feet high, 
spiny, with leaves three-nerved, and a rather dry, edible berry of 
pleasant taste. 
Z. lujuba, Lam., is the Magariya, and is similar, but in these regions 
generally has less of a stem and is more shrubby and thorny, and is 
not, as a rule, planted, though the fruit is even pleasanter. 
