THE NIGERIAN TIMBER TREES 893 
‘Carpodinus fulva. Pear-shape-fruited Rubber. Ikwian (Benin). 
Found in the Asaba district, Benin province. 
Clitandra elastica. Brown Medium Rubber. Ubabikpan (Benin) ; 
Beckindanko (Hausa). 
Benin province, 
A vine of the dry zone, found in the Okwoga district and 
at Adani in Awka district. It also yields root rubber. 
It yields a good rubber, sold on the Niger for Is. 3d. to 1s. 6d. 
per pound (1911). Extracted by tapping and coagulated by 
boiling, also with salt. 
Clitandra visciflua (Hall. Fil.). Ubake (Benin). 
Found in the Benin province. 
Clitandra Togolana (Hall). Ibo, Agba (Benin). 
It is a large tree, up to 60 feet high (?). Olokemeji. 
Clitandra cirrhosa. Oban Rubber. 
This is one of the commoner vines of the Oban Forest Reserve. 
In recent years, owing to the low price of rubber, it has not 
been tapped to any extent. The cost of collection to the natives 
is rather high, with the extended preparations and amount of 
food they must take with them in this forest. Added to this 
there is the cost of the licence and the cost of taking it over 
the long distance to the market, so that they do not think it 
pays to collect this rubber. 
Rauwolfia vomitoria (Afzel). Swizzle-stick. Iraigbo, Asofeyeje 
(Yoruba) ; Akata (Benin). 
It is found in the Abeokuta, Ibadan, Ondo, Benin, Warri, 
Owerri and Calabar provinces of Nigeria, in the evergreen 
and mixed deciduous zone, where it is very prevalent. 
It is a small tree of 12 feet in height and 18 inches in girth, 
with almost always four branchlets to each branch, forming 
regular whorls in this manner. It has a soft, thin leaf and a 
round, small green fruit. The stem is. usually forked near 
the ground, and each side branch is forked again and the 
uppermost branches divided into four separate twigs, making 
thus a most convenient shape for a swizzle-stick. The stem is 
more or less dotted with a few white lenticels. The bark peels 
off very readily and cleanly with a knife, leaving the bare white 
stem, especially in the smaller branches. 
The wood of the smaller branches is soft, showing a small 
pith in the centre, but that of the stem in the larger specimens 
is comparatively hard, and more like an inferior type of box- 
wood. The sapwood is usually a little softer than the 
heartwood. 
It is a moderately fast-growing, shade-bearing, soil-protecting 
and soil-improving tree. Natural regeneration is good. It 
