OIL PALM AND PALM KERNEL INDUSTRY 
106. Prricarp Patm Or Anatysis.—This is as follows: 
Specific gravity 15/15° C. 
0-9209-0- 9245 
Melting-point 24°-42:5° C. 
Saponification value. . 196 °3-205°5 
Iodine value 53-57 °4 
Reichert-Meissl value 0:86-1:87 
Hehner value 94°2-97 
479 
The solidifying-point of fatty acids varies from 35°8° to 46-4° C. 
usually 44°5° to 45° C. 
(See also 7a, Uses ; see also 12a.) 
11. Evropgean Uses oF Om anp KERNELS, PatmM WINE, Pato 
CaBBAGE, ETC.—From 46 to 53 per cent. of oilis contained in the kernel. 
Palm oil is used in Europe for making margarine, vegetable butters, 
chocolate and cooking fats. It makes a good butter-substitute. 
Palm oil is chiefly used for making soap and candles in England, 
according to Mr. Dennett’s paper. Tin plates are covered with palm 
oil to prevent oxidization. The leakage from the casks of oil on 
board ship is used for making metal polish. Railways use it for 
greasing axle-boxes on railway carriages. 
lla. NicrRr1an Exports, O1L AnD KeRnets.—The exports of palm 
kernels have been increasing almost continuously for years, owing to 
the gradual opening up of the country to trade, and also to the natives 
finding out the value of the kernel as an article of barter ; nevertheless, 
more still could be obtained if hand-cracking machinery and more 
nut-cracking mills were introduced at suitable spots. 
The following table shows the exports for the years 1909 to 1916 of 
Patm KERNELS. 
Year. Tons. £ Price. 
1907 —_— 1,658,000 = 
1908 _ 1,425,000 — 
1909 158,869 1,815,967 —_ 
1910 172,998 2,450,814 a 
1911 176,389 2,574,405 £18 6s. 
1912 184,624 2,797,411 £19 15s. 
1913 174,720 3,109,820 £23 5s. 
1914 162,452 2,541,149 = 
1915 153,319 1,692,712 — 
1916 161,439 1,739,706 — 
Patm Om FRoM CoLtontaL Report, NicERIAN Exports. 
Year. Tons. £ Price. 
1911 79,000 1,696,875 £13 15s. 
1912 77,000 1,654,933 £29 18s. 
1913 83,000 1,854,384 £32 15s. 
