480 WEST AFRICAN FORESTS AND FORESTRY 
The following is quoted from Sect. 2, Mr. R. E. Dennett’s paper 
on British Trade in Nigeria. Valuable notes have been obtained from 
this paper with regard to the palm products. 
Patm Kerne, Exports To GERMANY. 
About £5,000,000 worth went to Germany before the war. 
Year. Tons. 
1911 262,680 
1912 283,536 
1913 241,961 
12. VaLuE or Or anp Kernets.—Since the war, the price of oil 
first went down £5 per ton and kernels £15 per ton up. 
With kernels at £17 to £18 per ton, the oil is worth £36 15s. per ton. 
Glycerine is worth £50 per ton, and pericarp oil contains about 
8 per cent. 
At the beginning of 1918 the price of palm kernels varied from £25 
to £26 per ton, the latter figure being the official maximum for it. 
12a. DEscrieTion oF KerneL Oru.—It is white or pale-yellow in 
colour, with a pleasant nutty taste. By suitable treatment kernel 
oil can be divided into liquid oil, olein, and solid palm-kernel oil, 
stearin. It is used for soap and candles, edible fats—such as palmine, 
margarine—cooking fats, vegetable butters and chocolate fats. 
13. Import Ports In Eneitanp snp U.S.A. FoR OIL AND 
Kzrnets.—Hull.—Congo kernels go to Hull by the Cie Congo du 
Belge line, run by Elder Dempster & Co. In the first six months 
of 1915, 20,821 tons of kernels were imported into Hull. In most 
statements on Hull the price of palm kernel cake is omitted, whilst 
those of linseed, Bombay cotton-seed, and Saga Bean are always 
quoted. Hull imported between 40,000 and 50,000 tons in 1915 
(from January to November only, 31,723 tons); 200,000 tons were 
taken by Germany before, and hence are available now. 
Bristol.—Bristol as a port is prepared, according to its seed-crushers. 
to try kernels, but they asked the Colonial Office for protection from 
Germany. 
Liverpool.—For the first six months of 1915, 87,366 tons of palm 
kernels were imported into Liverpool, against 73,000 tons in 1914. 
U.S.A.—In 1915, 4,000 tons of kernels were shipped direct to 
the States. 
14. THz CrusHine oF Patm KERNELS IN AFRICA AND ENGLAND. 
—tThe largest seed-crushing and oil-extracting centre in Great Britain 
is at Hull. 
Most of the crushing used to be done in Harburg, near Hamburg, 
Germany, and only a little at Liverpool—some 70,000 tons out of 
300,000 tons. Since the war began Hull and London (Erith) have 
