OIL PALM AND PALM KERNEL INDUSTRY 483 
Experiments conducted in Scotland showed that cattle increased 
1:95 Ib. per day with palm-kernel cake, against only 1-84 Ib. with 
linseed cake. No difficulty was found in keeping the cake, and it 
did not go rancid. 
The cattle fed on palm-nut cake were stated to look glossier, 
carry more bloom, and have a looser skin than those fed on cotton- 
seed cake. It is also claimed that the fat content of the milk is 
increased, though the amount of extra butter-fat produced per day 
cannot be demonstrated. 
A mixture containing 3 Ib. of palm-nut cake is recommended 
per day for milch cows, and one containing from } Ib. to 3 Ib. for 
sheep and pigs. 
Ten per cent. of the ration should be given to cows or cattle the 
first time. Only 2 lb. of cake per day is given to animals. 
According to the Cambridge University Department of Agriculture 
the feeding value of palm-kernel cake for bullocks is practically the 
same as that of linseed cake. 
The feeding experiments demonstrated that the palm-kernel cake 
gave equal results to linseed or cotton-seed cake, and paid better 
because of the lower price of palm-kernel cake for milch cows and 
cattle. It is recommended for pigs too. The cost of feeding for 
eighty-four days was 43s. 4d. for palm-kernel cake against 51s. 6d. 
for linseed, and a gain of 164:5 Ib. in weight against 167 Ib. flesh weight 
with linseed cake. Cattle do not take to it readily at first, but after- 
wards like it. 
According to Wyndham R. Dunstan, palm-kernel cake costs 
1s. 54d. per food unit as compared to 2s. 4d. for hay, hay being £5 
per ton. 
According to Thomas Fawcett, L.M.R., A.S.E., it is a question 
of what is relatively cheaper. British farmers have always bought 
linseed cake at £10 10s. per ton, when beef was only 10d. to Is. per lb. 
Relatively, it would be better to go in for more cows being fed with 
palm-kernel cake. He also states that kernels only came in irregular 
quantities. 
The cake, according to Lancashire County experiments, must be 
given as part ration, as milk yield goes down with kernel cake alone. 
18a. Patm-NuT MraL: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FEEDING.— 
In 1879, in Agricultural Chemistry, by Johnson and Cameron (2nd 
edition), palm-nut meal from England and the Continent is men- 
tioned and recommended as the cheapest meal for cattle, especially 
calves. The Royal Agricuttural Society of England in 1878 also 
published a pamphlet for the Paris Exhibition, in which a mixture 
including a large proportion of palm-nut meal is recommended, 
and the experience in feeding young animals is given, showing that 
it is far cheaper and that linseed cake is really very expensive. 
