Lupus, or Lupinum 



man and by beast. Moreover, like other leguminous 

 plants, it was grown for the manurial value of the 

 nitrogen which it secretes. Palladius recommends 

 sowing it in September and ploughing the crop in. 

 It is still largely grown in Campania. 



Virgil had observed that, when the crop is har- 

 vested, the seeds rattle in the large pod. 



Our garden lupins are mostly American, and have 

 been much hybridized and improved under culti- 

 vation. 



Flower, April and May. 

 Italian name, Lupino. 



LUTUM. 



' aries . . . mutabit vellera luto' (Ec. iv. 43). 

 The common dyer's weed or weld (Reseda luteola) 

 is to be found in many parts both of Italy and of 

 England. It is nearly akin to mignonette and may 

 be recognized by the likeness in flower and seed 

 vessel. It yields a yellow dye, which is obtained by 

 boihng the whole plant when in flower, though the 

 colouring matter is strongest in the seeds. In com- 

 merce the dye is known as Dutch pink. Blue cloths 

 dipped in it turn green. 



Flower, May and June. 



Italian names, Biondella and Guaderella. 



Malus. 



The general word for fruit was ' poma.' This 

 included ' mala,' the larger fleshy fruits, ' nuces,' all 



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