116 BIRD GALLERY. 



recognized by their flattened bill beset with bristles. Some of the 

 forms included in the Flycatchers, such as Cryptolopha (1846) and 

 Polioptila (185f), mightwell be placed in the Warblers {Sylviidai), and 

 it seems doubtful if any real line can be drawn between the two families, 

 while the mottled or squamated plumage of the nestling seems to indi- 

 cate a close relationship to the Thrushes {Turdida), One of the best 

 known is the Common Spotted Flycatcher (Mwscica^a ^rmo/a) (1828), 

 one of our later summer migrants, which arrives fr6m Africa in May. 

 It feeds solely on insects captured on the wing, the bird darting at 

 them from some branch, to which it again returns for a fresh sally. 

 Another less numerous summer visitor is the Pied Flycatcher [M'. atri- 

 capilla) (1827), while the Red-breasted Flycatcher (M. parva) (1829) is 

 an occasional visitor from Eastern Europe and Asia. Among the more 

 striking exotic forms we may mention the Australian " Robins " 

 [Petrceca phcenicea (1831) and P. rhodinogaster (1832)), with their 

 scarlet and pink breasts ; the lovely Narcissus Flycatcher (Xanthopygia 

 narcissina) (1841), from China and Japan; the Paradise Flycatchers 

 {Terpsiphone) (1866),' with the middle paiir of tail-featbers greatly 

 lengthened in the male ; the numerous species of Rhipidura (1853-6), 

 with wide fan-shaped tails, which are frequently outspread as they dance 

 from branch to branch, and their remarkably neat cup-shaped nests, 

 several of which are exhibited on the floor of the Casdj^the Australian 

 Restless Flycatcher [Siswa inquietd) (1874), known to the colonists as 

 the " Grinder," on account of the peculiar grinding note which it utters 

 while hovering in the air like a kestrel before descending on its prey ; 

 and, lastly, the Niltavas (1863-5), with their brilliant plumaged males, 

 said to be less typical in their habits and to eat berries. 



Family IV. Campophagid^. Cuckoo-Shrikes. 



[Case 71.] The members of this Old-World family seem to coiistitute a link 

 between the Flycatchers and the Shrikes, and, as in the latter family, 

 the plumage of the nestling is cross-barred and not mottled or squamated. 

 They are chiefly distinguished by the spiny character ' of the rump- 

 feathers, and the majority possess a strong hooked bill.'' A remarkable 

 form, the Pheasant Cuckoo-Shrike {Pteropodocys phasianella) (1875), 

 with a long forked tail and stout legs, is a native of Australia, and lives 

 chiefly on the ground. Other larger forms of a somewhat similar type 

 belonging to the genera Graucalus (1876, 1877), Artamides {Wl^, 1879), 

 and Campophaga (1882, 1883) are arboreal and feed on itiseets which 

 they pick off the leaves. The most attractive members of the family 

 are the Minivets (Pericrocotus) (1884-1888), mostly birds of brilliant 

 ' '■ i plumage, the predominant colour of most of the males beiiig scarlet and 



