THE SALMON FAMILY. 49 
which case it reaches but a small size. Such 
specimens, called ‘‘Kokos” by the Indians, have 
been sent us from Lake Whatcom, Washington 
Territory, by Mr. T. J. Smith of Whatcom. 
The Silver Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) reaches 
a weight of 3 to 8 pounds. It has 13 developed 
rays in the anal, 13 branchiostegals, 23 (10+ 13) 
gill-rakers, and 45 to 80 pyloric coeca. There are 
about 127 scales in the lateral line. In color, it is 
silvery in spring, greenish above, and with a few 
faint black spots on the upper parts only. In the 
fall the males are mostly of a dirty red. 
The Dog Salmon (Oxcorhynchus keta) reaches an 
average weight of about 12 pounds. It has about 
14 anal rays, 14 branchiostegals, 24 (9-+15 ) gill- 
rakers, and 140 to 185 pyloric cceca. There are 
about 150 scales in the lateral line. In spring it 
is dirty silvery, immaculate, or sprinkled with small 
black specks, the fins dusky. In the fall the male 
is brick-red or blackish, and its jaws are greatly 
distorted. 
The Humpback Salmon (Oxcorhynchus gorbus- 
cha) is the smallest of the species, weighing 
from 3 to 6 pounds. It has usually 15 anal rays, 
12 branchiostegals, 28 (13-++ 15) gill-rakers, and 
about 180 pyloric cceca. Its scales are much 
smaller than in any other salmon, there being 180 
to 240 in the lateral line. In color it is bluish 
above, silvery below, the posterior and upper parts 
with many round black spots. The males in fall 
are red, and are more extravagantly distorted than 
in any other of the Salmonide. 
Of these species the blue-back predominates in 
4 
