THE SALMON FAMILY. 7 
Among the dog salmon, which run only in the fall, 
the males are hook-jawed and red-blotched when 
they first enter the Strait of Fuca from the outside. 
The humpback, taken in salt water about Seattle, 
have the same peculiarities. The male is slab- 
sided, hook-billed, and distorted, and is rejected 
by the canners. No hook-jawed females of any 
species have been seen. It is not positively known 
that any fully hook-jawed male survives the repro- 
ductive act. If any do, the jaws must resume the 
normal form. 
On first entering a stream the salmon swim 
aboutas if playing. They always head towards the 
current, and this appearance of playing may be 
simply due to facing the moving tide. Afterwards 
they enter the deepest parts of the stream and 
swim straight up, with few interruptions. Their 
rate of travel at Sacramento is estimated by Stone 
at about two miles per day; on the Columbia at 
about three miles per day. Those who enter the 
Columbia in the spring and ascend to the moun- 
tain rivers of Idaho, must go at a more rapid rate 
than this, as they must make an average of nearly 
four miles per day. 
As already stated, the economic value of any 
species depends in great part on its being a 
“spring salmon.” It is not generally possible to 
capture salmon of any species in large numbers 
until they have entered the rivers, and the spring 
salmon enter the rivers long before the growth of 
the organs of reproduction has reduced the rich- 
ness of the flesh. The fall salmon cannot be taken 
in quantity until their flesh has deteriorated ; hence 
