THE SALMON FAMILY. 61 
larger and more numerous, they catch them nearly 
all, scarcely any escaping during the fishing season 
(April 1 to August 1). Whether an actual reduc- 
tion in the number of fish running can be proved 
or not, there can be no question that the present 
rate of destruction of the salmon will deplete the 
river before many years. A considerable number 
of quinnat salmon run in August and September, 
and some stragglers even later; these are all which 
now keep up the supply of fish in the river. The 
non-molestation of this fall run, therefore, does 
something to atone for the almost total destruction 
of the spring run. This, however, is insufficient. 
A well-ordered salmon hatchery is the only means 
by which the destruction of the salmon fisheries of 
the Columbia River can be prevented. 
The fact that the humpback salmon runs only 
on alternate years in Puget Sound (1875, 1877, 
1879, etc.) is well attested and at present unex- 
plained. Stray individuals only are taken in other 
years. This species has a distinct run in the United 
States in Puget Sound only, although individuals 
(called ‘lost salmon”) are occasionally taken in 
the Columbia and in the Sacramento. 
Numerous attempts have been made to introduce 
the quinnat salmon into the waters of the Eastern 
States and of Europe. Individuals thus planted 
have been taken in several different localities, but 
as yet not in any considerable number. 
The genus Sadmo comprises those forms of 
salmon and trout which have been longest known. 
As in related genera, the mouth is large, and the 
jaws, palatines, and tongue are armed with strong 
