64 SCIENCE SKETCHES. 
internally. Prior to entering fresh waters these fish are 
of a brilliant steel blue along the back, which becomes 
changed to a muddy tinge when they enter rivers. After 
these fish have passed into the fresh waters for the pur- 
pose of breeding, numerous orange streaks appear in the 
cheeks of the male, and also spots or even marks of the 
same, and likewise of a red color, on the body. It is 
now termed a ‘red-fish.’ The female, however, is dark in 
color, and known as ‘black-fish.’ ‘Smolts’ (young river 
fish) are bluish along the upper half of the body, silvery 
along the sides, due to a layer of silvery scales being 
formed over the trout-like colors, while they have darker 
fins than the yearling ‘ pink ;’ but similar bands and spots, 
which can be seen (as in the parr) if the example be held 
in certain positions of light. ‘Parr’ (fishes of the year) 
have two or three black spots only on the opercle, and 
black spots and also orange ones along the upper half of 
the body, and no dark ones below the lateral line, al- 
though there may be orange ones which can be seen in 
its course. Along the side of the body are a series (12 to 
15) of transverse bluish bands, wider than the ground 
color and crossing the lateral line, while in the upper half 
of the body the darker color of the back forms an arch 
over each of these bands, a row of spots along the middle 
of the rayed dorsal fin and the adipose orange-tipped.” 
The dusky cross-shades found in the young sal- 
mon or parr are characteristic of the young of 
nearly all the Salmnonide. 
The salmon of the Atlantic is, as already stated, 
an anadromous fish, spending most of its life in the 
sea, and entering the streams in the fall for the 
purpose of reproduction. The time of running 
varies much in different streams and also in dif- 
ferent countries. As with the Pacific species, these 
