HOW THE TROUT CAME TO CALIFORNIA. 273 
and Gallatin, and throughout the Missouri basin 
as far to the east as a decent fish can live. But 
these trout of the Upper Columbia are now 
separated by the great falls of Shoshone from 
those of the rest of the stream. They have re- 
tained their primitive characters. 
The wash of the Bad Lands in Dakota fills the 
clear river with fine clay and quicksands, and in 
yellow water over quicksand bottom one does not 
look for trout. The Black Hills of South Dakota 
are full of clear streams, but there are no trout 
in them. The bad water of the main river into 
which these streams flow shuts off the trout from 
them. The fact that the trout are shut out shows 
that conditions have not materially changed since 
the trout came into the Missouri. The cataracts 
which fall from the lava beds in the Yellowstone 
Park have also excluded trout from a great 
number of beautiful streams, as the Gardiner, Gib- 
bon, and Firehole Rivers, and the charming ex- 
panse of Shoshone? and Lewis Lakes. This 
shows that these waterfalls were formed before 
the trout crossed the Divide. 
From the tributaries of the Missouri or the Snake, 
the trout crossed in some way as yet unknown to the 
headwaters of the Platte, and filled all the brooklets 
of the Colorado Parks. From these it again over- 
flowed into the neighboring waters of the Upper 
Arkansas. The fact that through all these streams 
of Eastern Colorado and Wyoming the trout are 
1 In these streams are now trout in abundance, various 
species having been introduced by the U. S. Fish Commission 
in 1888. 
18 
