66 The Diseases of Animals 



agreeable odor. Any signs of a recent cleaning of the 

 nostril, a dull lead color, or irritated condition of the 

 mucous membrane should be regarded with suspicion. 

 The mouth should be examined as to age and freedom 

 from decayed, split, ulcerated or irregular teeth. The 

 saliva should be free from any disagreeable odor. The 

 tongue should be normal, held in position, and free 

 from scars. A scarred tongue is indicative of the use 

 of a harsh bit to control him, and is always to be care- 

 fully considered. The incisor teeth should be examined 

 for parrot mouth and signs of cribbing, the latter being 

 shown by the edges of the teeth being worn away, so 

 that they do not come close together. The side of the 

 face should be examined for running sores or enlarge- 

 ments that might come from diseased teeth. The lower 

 jaw is to be examined for the same condition, and, in 

 addition, for an opening or fistula of Steno's duct, 

 which carries the saliva from the large gland below the 

 ear and pours it into the mouth. This duct winds 

 under the lower jaw at the front edge of the large 

 muscle, and when opened discharges a clear, watery 

 fluid, especially when the horse is eating. The glands 

 in the hollow between the lower jaws should also be 

 carefully examined as to their size, whether tender to 

 the touch or grown fast to the adjoining tissues. En- 

 larged, adherent glands here are a symptom of glanders. 

 The eye should be clear and bright and free from 

 specks, cloudiness or a well-defined white ring around 

 the outside of the colored iris. By closing the eye with 

 the hand and excluding the light for a moment, the 

 pupil will be dilated to its utmost capacity; when the 



