Azoturia — Difficult Urinating 403 



potash in dram doses three times daily in place of the 

 bromide may be given. During the early stages of the 

 disease no food should be allowed, but after a day or two 

 thin bran gruels and a little hay may be offered. If the 

 horse is down, he should be turned every twelve hours. 

 Recovery comes slowly; in the meantime tonic medi- 

 cines should be given, such as powdered nux vomica in 

 one-dram doses three times daily. It is usually neces- 

 sary to draw the urine with a catheter. In some eases 

 there is lameness and a dragging of the leg that per- 

 sists for some time, but finally disappears 



RETENTION OP URINE 



Diseases of the urinary system are not common in 

 the lower animals. One that is popularly supposed to 

 be rather frequent is inability to pass urine. It is com- 

 mon to see a horse stand stretched out as if to pass 

 urine, and not be able do so. This symptom is often 

 associated with colic, and is one of the most common 

 symptoms of indigestion. In spasmodic colic, when the 

 cramps cease the horse often passes some urine, but the 

 retention of urine is rarely the cause of the cramps. 

 In all cases in which inability to pass urine is suspected, 

 medicines that will increase the amount of urine, such 

 as spirits of niter and saltpeter, should be avoided. 



Horses often refuse to pass urine on the street 

 or hard floor or while in the harness, and will often 

 retain it until it causes unea.«iness. In such eases, if 

 led on a pile of straw or other similar material, the 

 animal will pass the urine voluntarily. When it is 



