CHAPTER IV 



THE WAYS OP LIFE 

 (Modes of Aotmal Behaviour) 



' Eacb of bet works bas an essence of its own ; eacb of bet 

 pbenomena a special cbaracterfsation ; anb get tbelr bivers 

 sltg ts in unttB. . . .' 



'Sbe bas alwags tbougbt anb always tblnfts ; tbougb not 

 as a man, but as mature. Sbe broobs over an all=compre= 

 benblng ibea, wblcb no searcbtng can ttnb out. . . .' 



' Sbe creates necbs because sbe loves action. MonOrous ! 

 tbat sbe probuces all tbis action so easilg. Everg neeb is a 

 benefit, swiftlg satlsfieb, swiftlg renewcb. Bverg fresb 

 want is a new source of pleasure, but sbe soon reacbes an 

 equilibrium.' 



'Sbe bas neitber language nor biscourse; but sbe creates 

 tongues anb bearts, bg wbicb sbe feels anb speafts.' 



— Ooethe's Aphorisms, translated by Hiixley. 



What is Animal Behaviour ? — Behaviour of the Lower Animals : 

 — Tropisms and more than Tropisms — The Study of Animal 

 Instinct — Instances of Instinctive Behaviour — The Tale of 

 the Black White Ant — Specialized Character of Many Instincts 

 — Limitations of Instinct — Some Difficult Phenomena : ' Feign- 

 ing Death ', ' Bluffing ', ' Homing ', ' Masking ' — Intelligent 

 Behaviour — Instinct and Intelligence — Educated Animals. 



THERE can be no doubt that investigators of animal 

 behaviour during the last quarter of a century have 

 been much less generous than their predecessors, and that 

 they have in their parsimony greatly advanced our under- 

 standing. For it is an important rule in science to make the 



186 



