516 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



dently due to meat inspection during which^ . owing to its size, cystieercus 

 cellulosse is less often overlooked than cystieercus bovis. 



Tenia cucumerina, Bloch, 1786, sive elliptica Batsch, 1782, is also well 

 known. 



This tape-worm is frequently found in large numbers in the dog and in 

 the cat. The small rhomboid head shows a club-like rostellum studded with 

 about sixty booklets arranged in four rows. The cucumber-shaped proglot- 

 tides are easily detected in the feces of the dog. 



The cysticercoid young form inhabits, according to Leuckart and Melni- 

 koff, the abdominal cavity of the dog-louse, of the dog-flea, and, more rarely, 

 of the human flea. The habit wliich dogs and cats have of swallowing the 

 parasites that infest their hairy skins sufficiently explains the frequency of 

 the infection. This tenia occurs rarely in man, and is only observed in small 

 children. Blanchard reported the infection of an adult who always shared 

 his resting place during the night with his dog. 



Quite as rare, at least in Germany, is the following tenia : 



Tenia nana, v. Siebold, 1852. 



This small tenia, only 2.5 cm. long and 0.5-0.7 mm. broad, is characterized 

 by a globular head supplied with a rostellum and four suctorial discs. The 

 rostellum is covered with a row of 22-27 booklets. The proglottides, amount- 

 ing to about 200, are of an extended oblong form, the lower 20-60 of a 

 yellowish color, well-filled with ova. The sexual papillae are all on one side. 

 The ova are covered with three structureless, transparent shells which are far 

 apart from each other. 



Nothing is as yet known regarding the origin and development of this 

 parasite. 



Leuckart supposes the intermediate hosts to be insects. According to 

 Grassi, the parasite develops without an intermediate host, as does the tenia 

 murina (Dujardin), which by many was formerly considered identical with 

 the former. The anatomical differences between these teniae were recently 

 pointed out by v. Linstow. 



The teniae live in the small intestine in colonies, burrow their way deeply 

 into the mucous membrane of the gut, and, according to Grassi, produce 

 important changes in it. 



The parasite has been observed only four times in Germany, and in all 

 four cases Cologne appeared to be the infected locality. It may possibly often 

 be mistaken for the oxyuris vermicularis, owing to their similarity. The 

 parasite has been observed in Egypt, Eussia, Servia, Italy, Japan and South 

 America. 



Very few cases of the 



Tenia flavopunctata, Weinland, 1858, 



have been reported. Its identity with tenia diminuta, Eudolphi, and tenia 

 leptocephala Crepl. is established. The very small head is club-shaped, with 

 a rudimentary unprotected rostellum. The proglottides, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad, 

 0.6-0.7 mm. long, present in their center, posteriorly, a yellow area which 



