560 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Mosler, upon the basis of experimental investigation, has advised benzine : 



^ Benzoli 6.0, 



Mucil. gummi arab 25.0, 



Sucei liquir 8.0, 



Aqua menth. pip 120.0. 



M.D.S. Well shaken, a tablespoonful every hour or two. 



Besides this Mosler advises daily for several days an enema to which is added 

 three to eight grams of benzine. In the main the treatment is symptomatic. 



For the sake of completeness I shall mention among other nematodes the 

 eustrongylus gigas, Eudolphi, 1802, a parasite which is found in the renal 

 pelvis of the dog, the wolf, the fox, the horse, the marten, the otter, etc., and 

 has been observed in man in about nine different cases. The parasite has fre- 

 quently been confounded with other nematodes, with coagula of blood, or with 

 mucus. According to experiments conducted in the dog, the eustrongylus 

 causes severe difficulty in urination. The ova of the parasite may be recognized 

 in the urine. The strongylus paradoxus, Mehlis, 1831, has been even less fre- 

 quently observed in man. 



Gnathostoma siamense, Levinsen, 1889, has up to the present been seen 

 by Levinsen only as one female specimen in a Siamese and in two other persons. 



ANKYLOSTOMIASIS— UNCINARIASIS 



One of the most important entozoa of man is the 



Anhylostoma duodendle, Dubini, 1843. 



The parasite was first discovered by Dubini in 1838 in Milan in a human 

 cadaver. Soon its occurrence was also noted by Pruner, Bilharz and Griesin- 

 ger in Egypt. The parasite was recognized by Bilharz and Griesinger on 

 account of its hematophagous properties as the actual cause of "Egyptian 

 chlorosis," which is so extraordinarily prevalent in Egypt. 



Wucherer, in 1866,. recognized the parasite as the cause of " tropical chloro- 

 sis." Its presence was soon afterward determined in the anemia of brick- 

 mahers, which had been knovm for a long time in Italy. Parona, Perroncito, 

 Bozzolo found the parasite associated with the anemia which attacked the 

 workmen engaged in constructing the Saint Gothard tunnel, and looked upon 

 it as the causal factor. Soon the proof of its connection with anemia mon- 

 tana which occurred in the Belgian, Sardinian and French mines in 1882 was 

 established. The occurrence of the parasite was recognized by Mencke in the 

 briekmakers in the neighborhood of Bonn, and a few weeks later by Leichten- 

 stern among the workmen in the brick fields at Cologne. 



Since that time its occurrence has also been proven in the miners of the 

 Ehine provinces, Westphalia and Silesia, sometimes in wide distribution. 



The male parasite is usually of a white, the females of a whitish yellow, 

 brownish-red, or reddish color. The length of the male averages from 7-11.2 

 mm., the thickness 0.46 mm.; the females are 16.5 mm. long and 0.63 mm. in 



