8 REPULSION OF TEETH. 



alveolus. As stated above we should not expect to be able 

 to extract with forceps the teeth of very young horses 

 which have not become partly detached by disease or in 

 which the fangs are the seat of adontomes. 



2. Fracture of the alveolar walls is an accident which may 

 generally be prevented by proper care in the application of 

 force and the avoidance of any attempt to extract a tooth 

 when the existence of an enlargement of the fang is apparent 

 or suspected. 



3. The tooth may slip from the forceps into the pharynx 

 and be swallowed, an accident avoidable by inserting the 

 hand into the mouth along with the forceps as the tooth be- 

 gins to emerge and if need be grasp it with the fingers. 



2. REPULSION OF TEETH. 

 Plate II. 



Uses. The removal of molars, pre-molars, tooth fangs 

 from which the crowns have been broken away, alveolar 

 odontomes, etc., which can not be renloved safely by means 

 of the forceps. 



Instruments. Razor, convex scalpels, trephine, bone 

 gouge, I/Uer's sharp bone forceps, (rongeur forceps) light 

 and heavy bone chisels, mallet, tooth punch, curette, com- 

 pression artery forceps, scissors, needles, thread, absorbent 

 cotton, antiseptic gauze, extracting forceps, splinter forceps, 

 tenacula, metal probe, mouth speculum, t/ 



Technic. Secure the animal in the lateral recumbent 

 position with the affected side up. The operating table 

 affords by far the best means for securing for the conven- 

 ience and safety of operator and patient. If the sinuses are 

 so involved as to make possible the inhalation of pus, blood 

 or other injurious matter, perform tracheotomy in ample 

 time to avert danger. Anaesthetize locally or generally as 

 required. Shave and disinfect the operative area and 



