42 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 



HISTORY. 



In 1775 Fabricius published a short description of the adult from 

 a specimen in the British Museum, calling it LamiM titiUator, and 

 gave its habitat as "Carolina." He also pubHshed short descrip- 

 tions under the same name in 1781 and 1787. Somewhere between 

 1788 and 1793, the exact date unknown, Liunseus, in the Systema 

 Naturae, edited by Gmehn, published a short description under 

 the name Lamia titiUator Fab. In 1792 Fabricius again pubhshed 

 a short description of titiUator, and also published a description of 

 Lamia dentator, with "CaroHna" as habitat. The latter^ name 

 has since been placed in synonymy. OUvier, in 1795, published a 

 short description and figure of the adult under the name Cerambyx 

 titiUator Fab. He gives it the common name "Capricorne chatouil- 

 leux" or the "long-horned tickler," and the habitat as "Carolina." 

 At the same time he published a short description and figure of 

 Cerambyx carolinensis (common name, the Carolina longhorn), which 

 has since been made a synonym of titiUator, and gave the habitat as 

 South Carolina. Somewhere between 1795 and 1811, the exact 

 date not being known, the same author pubhshed short descriptions 

 of Lamia titiUator and Ijamia carolinensis, giving the habitat of the 

 former as "Carolina," and of the latter as South Carolina. In 1805 

 Beauvois published a short description and figure under the name 

 Lamia dentator. In 1835 Serville described the genus Monohammus, 

 and placed dentator and carolinensis in it, without mentionyxg titil- 

 lator. Le Conte, in 1854, pubhshed a short description and placed 

 dentator and carolinensis in synonymy. In this connection he says: 

 "Olivier's carolinensis very obviously is the female of his titiUator. 

 * * * It is common in the Southern States." 



In 1862 Harris, in his Insects Injtirious to Vegetation, published a 

 short description, with a figure and a note on the habits of adults, 

 but stated that the kind of tree the "grub" inhabited was unknown 

 to him. In 1873 Le Conte pubhshed a description of Monohammris 

 minor, which has since been made a synonym of titiUator. At the 

 same time he published a short description of M. titiUator. Of the 

 genus Monohammus, he says : ' ' The species infests pine trees through- 

 out the whole extent of the United States and contiguous northern 

 regions." In the same year Bowditch, under the name M. dentator, 

 published short descriptions of the larva, pupa, and adult, and a 

 short note on seasonal history and habits. He foimd it infesting 

 Pinus mitis {eckinata) in Massachusetts. In 1885 Horn published 

 a short description under the name M. titiUator and placed the names 

 carolinensis, dentator, and minor in synonymy. He gave the dis- 

 tribution as from Canada to Washington Territory and south to 

 Florida. In 1899 Hopkins published a short note on the occurrence 



