INSECT DEPREDATIONS IN NOETH AMERICAN FORESTS. 81 



soon as it is felled and by converting the bolts into the smallest prac- 

 ticable dimensions and piling them in such a manner as to facilitate 

 rapid dr.ying. 



Damage to unseasoned handle and Avagon stock in the rough can be 

 prevented by taking special precautions to provide against the same 

 favorable conditions for attack as mentioned in connection with 

 round timbers. This is especially necessary with hickory and ash 

 if cut during the winter and spring. 



Damage to pulpwood and cordwood can be prevented to a great 

 extent by placing the sticks of wood in triangular or crib piles im- 

 mediately after they are cut from the trees, especially if the timber 

 is cut during the danger period or must be held for a few months 

 during the warm season. Peeling or splitting the wood, or both, be- 

 fore it is piled will also provide against damage from insects. 



Mantjfactuked Products. 



unseasoned pkoducts. 



Freshly sawed hardwood lumber placed in close piles during warm, 

 damp weather in the period from July to September, inclusive, pre- 

 sents the most favorable conditions for injury by ambrosia beetles. 

 In all cases it is the moist condition and retarded drying of the lum- 

 ber which induces attack. Therefore any method which will provide 

 for the rapid drying of the lumber before or after piling will tend 

 to prevent loss. It is important, also, that heavy lumber should, 

 as far as possible, be cut only, in the winter and piled so that it will 

 be well dried out before the middle of March. 



The damage to lumber and square timber when the bark is left on 

 the edges or sides can be prevented by removing the bark before or 

 immediately after the lumber is sawed, or by sawing and piling the 

 material during the winter, or if sawed at other times it should be 

 piled so that rapid drying will be facilitated. 



SEASONED PRODUCTS. 



UnftnisJied seasoned proditcts. — Injury by powder-post beetles to 

 dry hardwood lumber and other material in stacks or storehouses can 

 be prevented as follows: 



(1) Have a general inspection of the material in the yards and 

 storehouses at least once a year, preferably during November or 

 February, for the purpose of (a) sorting out and destroying or other- 

 wise disposing of any material that shows the slightest evidence of 

 injury, as indicated by the presence of fine powdery boring dust, and 

 (I) sorting out and destroying all old and useless sapwood material 

 of any kind that wiU offer favorable breeding places for the insects. 



