284 MAINE AGRICUtTURAI, EXPERIMENT STATION. I9O9. 



and ovipositing both on old growth and new growth needles. 

 There is no reason for confusing pinifoliae with this second 

 species as the discussion of the latter will make plain. 



On May 19, 1908, I found Chermes pupae common on ter- 

 minal shoots of white pine. My notes for this collection read: 

 "The pupae are massed close to the tip of the stem or at the 

 base of needle cluster on some stems, and on others they occur 

 singly at the same locations. They are downy enough to be 

 noticed but are not very flocculent." 



I collected a considerable number of twigs and the next 

 day many of the pupae molted and an abundance of winged 

 adults were secured. These I listed at the time as pinifoliae, 

 and on going carefully over this preserved material this fall I 

 can see no reason to separate it from the species which matures 

 in the black spruce gall atout the middle of June. Antennal, 

 wing, and leg characters are apparently identical and the gland 

 areas are so faintly indicated as to ally it with this species 

 and separate it from any other taken in Maine. 



These mid-May Chermes pinifoliae are, I believe, the return 

 migrants from pine to spruce, but I have not observed this 

 migration. They are not the generation that oviposites on 

 the pine needles, however, as this is done by the migrants 

 from the spruce. This collection. May 19, it will be seen, is in 

 accordance with Fitch's statement that he had "noticed the 

 same insects on the leaves in full life and vigor the middle of 

 May." 



It will be seen from the dates of the migrants that either 

 the time which pinifoliae spends on the spruce is very short — 

 four to six weeks — or that a two year cycle is required. It 

 is not at present possible to say which is the case. 



The galls are uniform, regular, and cone-shaped in form. In 

 length they vary when full grown from about three-fourths to 

 one and one-half inches. Under the stimulation of the Chermes 

 the new growth at the tip of the twig is modified and the twig 

 tip develops into a cone-shaped object. The stem itself is not 

 much swollen. Each needle becomes a scale, broadest at the 

 middle and concave on the inner surface. Beneath each scale- 

 like leaf a single Chermes develops. Packard states that in 

 the gall of abieticolens "each leaf bud is enlarged having an 

 Adelges under it" which statement in itself would distinguish 



