PAKULA WARBLER. 



49 



three days earlier than the averag^e at St. Louis and seven days later 

 than that at Helena, or, in other words, the dates of arrival at the three 

 places correspond exactly, latitudinal differences considered, showing 

 no effect of the 800 feet difference in altitude. ■ It should be remarked, 

 however, in this connection that there is no height of land between 

 Eubank, Ky., and the Louisiana coast to check or turn the course of 

 migration, while Asheville, N. C, is separated from the coast by a 

 considerable range of mountains. 



The parula warbler was found to be abundant in northwestern 

 Yucatan March 17, 1890." It has been found until April on the islands 

 off thQ coast of Yucatan.* It is said to remain in Cuba until April 

 only," but the Florida lighthouse records show that not all individ- 

 uals leave their winter home until early May. The latest dates of 

 striking at Sombrero Key lighthouse are May 11, 1886, May 4, 8, 9, 

 and 15, 1888, and May 29, 1889. 



With this, as with several other species, the few notes on record 

 indicate a later date of migration through the northern Bahamas than 

 at corresponding latitudes in Florida. No parulas were seen in 1890 

 on Andros Island until March 26; '^ a wave of migrants passed April 18, 

 and in 1898 on a neighboring island the last bird was seen April 30." 



Fall migration. — The earliest fall movements of the parula warbler 

 on land can not be noted, for the migrants are not distinguishable 

 from the breeding birds. When, however, the species begins to strike 

 against the lighthouses of southern Florida, it is certainly migrating. 

 It passes through Florida in countless thousands, being second only 

 to the black-throated blue warbler in the frequency with which it 

 strikes the lighthouses. Out of eighty-eight recorded dates of the 

 striking of parulas in fall only eight are earlier than the second week 

 in September, viz: August 9 and 12, 1885, July 28 and 29, and August 

 21, 1886, and August 22, 23, and 24, 1889. At Key West the first 

 striking of parulas noted occurred on July 30, 1888, and August 4, 

 1889. By the middle of September the great flights begin and con- 

 tinue in full force for a month. The numbers decrease later, but the 

 birds continue to pass until at least the middle of November. Some 

 late dates are November 5, 8, 10, 12, and 13, 1884; November 12, 1885; 

 November 20, 1887; November 5, 10, and 11, 1888, and November 7, 

 1891. Gundlach's records in Cuba correspond with the foregoing for 

 he says that this species arrives in August, but in greater numbers in 

 September. It reaches Jamaica early in September, and has been 

 taken about the same time off the coast of Honduras. 



a Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 210, 1890. 

 6 Salvin, Ibis, p. 247, 1888. 

 cGundlach, J. f. Orn., p. 411, 1872. 

 d Northrop, Auk, VIII, p. 67, 1891. 

 « Bonhote, Ibis, p. 508, 1899. 



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