CERULEAN WARBLER. 69 



658. Dendroica cerulea (Wils.). Cerulean Warbler. 



Breeding range. — The principal summer home of the cerulean war- 

 bler is in the valley of the Ohio River. The species ranges eastward 

 to Virginia, Maryland, western Pennsylvania, and western and central 

 New York, but is much less common in this region, being rare east of 

 the Allegheny Mountains. It occurs casually in New Jersey and south- 

 ern New England. North of the Ohio Valley it ranges to southern 

 Ontario, southern Michigan, and southern Minnesota. It is found 

 regularly west to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and eastern Texas, 

 while accidental occurrences have been noted at Denver, Colo., 

 and Rio Mimbres, N. Mex. The southern limits of its regular 

 breeding range are the mountains of Virginia and Tennessee; but it 

 has been known to breed irregularly along the Choptank River in 

 western Delaware, at Baltimore, Md., Greensboro, Ala., in Franklin 

 and St. Tammany parishes. La. , and in the Creek and Cherokee Nations, 

 Okla. One of the parties of the Biological Survey took an old male 

 and a young male of the year on June 24, 1902, at.Texarkana, Tex. 



Winter range. — The cerulean warbler is chiefly found in winter in 

 South America from Panama south to Peru, in which country it 

 seems to have its center of abundance. In western Peru Jelski" 

 found it common at Monterico and other places in the mountains east 

 of Lima at 10,000 to 13,000 feet elevation, always in wandering flocks, 

 which were sometimes quite large and contained both old and j'oung 

 birds. Its abundance in northern Peru is remarked by Stolzmann.* 

 In central Peru a specimen was taken in January, 1891, at Gloria'' 

 (3,200 feet), and a female on March 14, 1893, at San Emilio,'' in the 

 Valley of Vitoc (above 3,500 feet). In northeastern Peru Stolzmann 

 took three cerulean warblers on February 10 and March 15, 1880, at 

 Huambo'^ (3,700 feet). The southernmost records of the species are 

 from Nairapi and Tilotilo^ near La Paz, Bolivia, at an elevation of at 

 least 13,000 feet, the greatest altitude at which the bird has been 

 observed. Specimens were taken at Mapoto,-J'' Machay,-^ and Sara- 

 yacu,!' in central Ecuador, on dates ranging from November to Feb- 

 ruary and at altitudes varying from 3,000 to 7,000 feet. Others were 

 also secured on the Rio Napo,'' in eastern Ecuador. The species is 

 not uncommon on both coasts and in the mountains of Panama, but it 

 seems to migrate through western Colombia, avoiding the mountains of 



a Taczanowski, P. Z. S., p. 508, 1874. 

 '>> Taczanowski, Orn. du Perou, I, p. 465, 1884. 

 "Berlepsch and Stolzmann, P. Z. S., p. 330, 1896. 

 (« Taczanowski, P. Z. S., p. 6, 1882. 

 «Sclaterand Salvin, P. Z. S,, p. 594, 1879. 

 /Taczanowski and Berlepsch, P. Z. S., p. 74, 1885. 

 ffSharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, p. 651, 1885. 

 /'Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 64, 1858. 



