CONTENTS. 



COINAGE AND CURRENCY. 



PAGE 



Scarcity of silver — Description of silver and copper coinage, white metal 

 tokens, and notes — Almost exclusive use of bank and Treasury notes 

 — Calling in older issues — Use up country — Large issue of copper in 

 1829 — Depreciation of the milreis — The currency on the Amazons ... 301 



THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF BRAZIL. 

 A theoretical Budget — Classification of the Budgets of the empire from 

 its foundation, 1823-1883, with deficits and explanations — Expenses 

 of colonization and public works — Foreign and home debt of 

 ;f 56,000,000 — Extravagance and bad management — Increasing cost 

 of officials — The administration considered, with suggestions as to 

 reforms — Future of the empire — Outlook for investors ... ... 304 



Table showing realized loans .. ... ... ••■, ...312 



Postscript— The Budget of 1885-1886 ... ... ... ■•■ 3I3 



Report of the Finance Minister, 1885 ... ... ... ... 3^4 



APPENDIX II. 



A SEVERE WINTER IN MINAS GERAES. 

 The winter of 1870 — Mean temperature of the table-lands — Extreme cold 

 in Minas — No abnormal temperature elsewhere — Destruction of 

 plantations, fish, and forests — Streams frozen — Deaths from cold — 

 Explanation of the phenomena ... ... ... ... 316 



HAIL, STORMS, RAIN, AND MISTS. 



Falls of hail — Large hailstones — Lightning — Storms diminish in frequency 



towards the equator — Mists constant on the great rivers — Variation , 



of the ilora on river-banks from that of Campos ... ... ... 319 



METEOROLOGICAL NOTES IN MINAS GERAES. 



Minimum and maximum thermometers — Barometrical readings — Remarks 



on the weather ... ... ... ... ... ... 322 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT BOTAFOGO. 

 Rio de Janeiro .. . ... ... ... ■•■ ••• ••• 34' 



SHORT NOTES ON ANIMALS, BIRDS, AND REPTILES. 



Monkeys — Marmosets — Bats— Blood-sucking and fruit-eating habits of 



vampires — Capybara — Paca—Coati— Ounces — Indian etymology — 



Several species — Ocelot — Lobo, or wolf— Wolf-fruit tree — Edentate.=; 



— Ant-eaters — Armadillos, genera, species, habitats, etc. — Sloths — 



