148 



INDEX 



Chara, method of reproduction 



of, 91 

 Characco!, 90 

 Characea vulgaris, 90 

 ClilorophyU, absence of, in fungi, 



8 ; in algae, 87 

 Chorda filum, loi 

 Cladonia, 112 



Cladonia cornucopioides, 117 

 Cladonia gracilis, 117 

 Cladonia pyxidata, 117 

 Cladonia rangiferiiia, 118 

 Cladophora, 93 ; marine species 



of, 97 

 Cladostephiis, loi 

 Clavaria luteoalba, 133 

 Clav aria striata., 132 

 ClavariacciB, spore production of, 



132 

 Club moss, common, 46 ; bulbils 



of the, 52 

 Club mosses, 2, 26 ; fossil remains 



of, 3 ; size of, 3 ; prothalli 



of, 5 



Coal Age, forests of the, 14 



Colouring of seaweeds, 93 



Cord moss, common, 77 



Cordyceps militaris, 135 



Crater ellus cornucopioides, 132 



Creeping stem, of common poly- 

 pody, 43 ; of common club 

 moss, 47 



Crimson seaweed, 102 



Crops, damage to, by fungi, 17 



Crust lichens, 121 



Cup moss, 112, 117 



Cycads, tropical, 23 ; fertilisa- 

 tion of, 23 ; pollen tube in, 23 



Cycas revoluta, peculiarity of 

 female plant of, 23 



De Bary on Lichens, 106 

 Delesseria alata, 102 

 Delesseria sanguinea, 102 

 Delesseria sinitosa, 102 

 Delesserias, The, 102 

 Deserts, lichens on rocks in, 16 

 Desmids, 86 

 Diatoms, 86 ; deposit of shells of, 



in Virginia, 87 

 Dicranella heterornallum, 76 

 Discomycetcs, 130, 135 

 Duckweed, 84 



" Earth Stars," 134 

 Ectocarpus, loi 

 Ectocarpus littoralis, 102 

 Edible fungi, 16 

 Edible seaweeds, 1 7 

 Elaters of liverworts, 82 

 Elf cup, species of, 135 

 Endosperm of the gymnospcrms, 



21 

 Epiphytes of tropical forests, 



44 

 Eqiiisetuni arvense, 54 

 Equisetum limosmn, 58 

 Equisetum maximum, 58 

 Equisetum palustre, 58 

 Equisetum, spore dispersal of, 



58 

 Equisetum sylvaticuni, 59 

 Equisetums, The, 53 

 Evernia, brood bodies of, 119 

 Evernia prunastri, 119 

 Exoascus turgidus, 139 



" Fairy Club," Wiiite-tipped, 



132 

 " Fairy Rings," 144 

 " False Trufaes," 134 

 Feather mosses, 78 

 Female cells of male fern, 33 

 F^ern life, studies in, 25 et scq. 

 Ferns, prothalli of, 5 ; species of, 



4 ; need of moisture for, 27 ; 



relatives of the, 46 et scq. 

 Fertile fronds of hard fern, 42 

 Fertilisation of moss plant, 6 ; of 



male fern, 33 ; of pillwort, 62 ; 



of common hair moss, 66 

 I'ield horsetail, 54, 58 ; stems of 



the, 55 ; spore cases of, 56 

 Fissidcns adiantioides, 76 

 Fissidens hryoides, 76 

 Flat fork moss, common, 76 

 Flies, attraction of, to stinkhorn, 



143 



Floating bog moss, 73 



" Flowering fern," 40 



Flowerless and flowering plants 

 compared, 18 



Flowerless plants, need for mois- 

 ture of, 14 



Flowerless plants, number of, 

 compared with flowering 

 species, 1 3 



