INDEX 



151 



Puff balls, 130, 133 ; spore pro- 

 duction of, 142 

 Purple laver, 96 

 Pyrenomycetes, 1 30, 1 36 



0"aii,i.woRT, 49 



Rabbits and dispersai, of 



fungus spores, 1 43 

 Raditla complmmta, 83 

 Red dwarf bog moss, 74 

 Red seaweeds, 92 ; manner of 



reproduction of, 104 

 " Red snow," 15 

 Reindeer moss, as fodder, 17 ; 



description of, 118 

 Reproduction of algfe, methods 



of, 7 ; of lichens, chief method 



of, 8 ; of mosses by brood 



bodies, 69 

 Reproduction of ulvas, 97 

 Reproduction, second method of, 



in lichens, 112 

 Reproductive organs of bladder 



wrack, 99 

 Reproductive scheme of club 



mosses, 52 

 Resting spores of small fungi, 



138 

 Rhizome of bracken fern, 34 

 Rhizomorplis of fungus, 128 ; 



phosphorescence of, 128 ; of 



honey agaric, 137 

 Rhytisma accriimm, 138 

 Riccia nata>is, 84 

 Rivularia, 97 



Roots, absence of, in mosses, 69 

 Roots of trees, fungi and, 140 

 Rotifers in fruUania, 83 

 Royal fern, 27, 40 ; size of 



fronds of, 40 

 Rue-leaved spleenwort, 37 

 Rust, 17 



Saprophytes, 8 



Scaly spleenwort, 38 



Sclerotium, 128 



ScolopendriumvulgaiT, 39 



Screw mosses, 75 



Sea lettuces, 96 ; method of re- 

 production of, 97 ; zoospores 

 of, 97 



Seaweeds, 7 ; in Arctic Ocean, 1 5 ; 



edible, 17; iodine from, 17; 

 colouring of, 93 



Sea whipcord, loi 



Selaginella, 19 ; common, 49 



Sex character of prothalli, 5 



Sex method of reproduction of 

 fungi, 9 



Shrubby lichens, 117 



Silver thread moss, 74 



Slender bog moss, 73 



Slugs and dispersal of fungus 

 spores, 143 



Soft tincier fungus, 131 



Sori of black maidenhair spleen- 

 wort, 37 



Sorus on fern frond, 30 



Sowerby on smooth horsetail, 59 



Sparassis crispa, 133 



Spermatozoids, of the selaginella, 

 21, 51 ; of male fern, 33 ; of 

 common hair moss, 65 ; of 

 common chara, 91 ; of bladder 

 wrack, 99 



Sphagnum acutifolium, 73 



Sphagnum cuspidatum , 73 



Sphagnum mosses, 71 



Sphagnum obtusifolium, 73 



Sphagnum rubelhim, 74 



Spirogyra, 90 



Spleenworts, 37, 38 



Sporangia on fern fronds, 30 ; of 

 black maidenhair spleenwort, 3 7 



Sporangium, cause of opening of, 

 30 ; number of spores in a, 31 ; 

 of male fern, 31 ; of lady fern, 



37 



Spore-bearing cones of smooth 

 horsetail, 59 ; of marsh horse- 

 tail, 59 



Spore-bearing cups of Physcia 

 parietina, 121 



Spore-bearing surface of Poly- 

 poraceeE, 131 



Spore-capsules of leaf-like liver- 

 wort, 8 1 



Spore cases, of hart's - tongue 

 fern, 39 ; of royal fern, 40 ; of 

 hard fern, 42 ; of common poly- 

 pody, 43 ; of filmy ferns, 44 ; 

 of the lycopodium, 49 ; of 

 field horsetail, 56 ; of pill wort, 

 61 ; of blunt-leaved bog moss, 

 73 ; of silver thread moss, 74 ; 



