PREFACE. vil 
advisable to direct attention to them and the meaning which 
is attached to them. This is done nearly in the words of 
my friend Mr. Joseph Woods (Introduction to the Tourists 
Flora). 
The word Phyllaries is used for the parts in Composite 
which were considered by Linnzeus as the leaves of a com- 
mon calyx, and by later writers as the bracts or scales of an 
involucre. 
Botanists have used the word Joint (articulus) as signi- 
fying the point of union of two different parts, or the space 
between these points. Joining is here employed in the 
former of these senses; and Joint is used as in common 
speach for the parts so joined. 
In the Orchidaceze the term Ladel is used for that ap- 
pendage to the flower which was called the Terminal divi- 
sion of the lip in the former editions of this book. 
St. John’s College, Cambridge, 
May 21, 1851. 
