152 42, RUBIACEZ. 
3. Gatrum Linn. 
A. Leaves 3-nerved. 
* Inflorescence panicled, terminal ; fl. perfect ; fr-stalks erect. 
1. G. boreale (L.); 1. 4 in a whorl lanceolate, st. erect panicled, 
fruitstalks patent, fr. covered with hooked bristles —E. B. 105.— 
St. about 18 in. high, with many leafy branches. Fl. white in 
compact terminal panicles. Fr. hispid.—Moist rocky places. 
P. VII. VIII. 
** Inflorescence axillary ; lateral fl. imperfect ; fr.-stalks 
deflexed. 
2. G. cruciatum (With.); 1. 4 in a whorl elliptic-oblong hairy, 
flowerstalks corymbose bracteated, terminal fl. fertile, lateral 
mostly male, fr. smooth.—E. B. 143.—St. simple above, 1—2 
feet high, hairy. Fl. small, about 8 together in small corymbs, 
yellow.— “8. levipes; peduncles and pedicels glabrous.” — Hedges 
and thickets. P.V. VI. Crosswort. 
B. Leaves l-nerved. Root annual. 
* Inflorescence axillary ; lateral fl. imperfect. 
(3. G. saccharatum (All.); 1. about 6 in a whorl linear-lan- 
ceolate with marginal forward prickles, st. rough with decurved 
prickles, peduncles 3-flowered, fr. warted reflexed.—E. B. 2173.— 
St. procumbent, spreading. Fl. small, pale yellow. Fr. large, « 
double globe, quite covered with large pyramidal tubercles.— 
Carse of Gowrie and near Forfar. Malton, Yorkshire. A. VI. 
—VIII.] 
** Inflorescence axillary, panicled ; fl. all perfect. 
4. G. tricorne (With.); 2. 6—8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 
with marginal backward prickles, st. rough with deflexed prickles, 
peduncles 3-flowered, fr. granulated reflexed.—E. B. 1641.—St. 
procumbent, spreading. FI. small, all 3 usually perfect in struc- 
ture but seldom more than the middle one fertile. Fr. large, a 
double globe, covered with small granulations.—Dry calcareous 
fields. A. VI.—IX. E. 
5. G. Aparine (L.); 1. 6—8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate with 
marginal backward prickles, st. rough with deflexed prickles, pe- 
duncles few- (about 3) flowered, fruitstalks divaricated straight, 
fruit covered with short hooked bristles.—E. B. 816.—St. strag- 
gling amongst bushes, 3—4 feet long. The marginal prickles 
near the extremity of the 1. pomt forwards, the rest backwards. 
Fl. small. Peduncles or rather flowering branches with several 
leaves at the primary divisions. Fr. large-—Common. A. VI. 
—VIII. Goose-grass. Cleavers. 
