GALIUM. 153 
6. G. spurium (L.); 1. 6—8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate with 
marginal backward prickles, st. rough with deflexed prickles, pe- 
duncles with 3-—9 flowers, fruitstalks divaricated straight.— EF. B. 
1871.—Closely resembling the preceding ; distinguished by its 
more numerous green flowers, floral leaves solitary (“ or in pairs”), 
fruit of about half the size and in the typical plant smooth.—8. 
G. Vaillantit (DC.); fr. hispid. E. B. 8. 2943.—Fields. a. 
Forfar; 8. Saffron Walden and Chesterford, Essex. A. VII. 
E. 8. 
7. G. parisiense (L.); 1. about 6 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 
bristle-pointed with marginal forward prickles, st. rough with de- 
curved prickles, panicles small dichotomous, branches divaricated 
bifid G. anglicum Huds., E. B. 384.—St. 6—8 in. high, spread- 
ing, slender, brittle. L. usually 6 in a whorl, the lowermost 
sometimes in fours. Branches of the small panicles often spread- 
ing nearly at right angles with their stalk. Fr. granulated, nearly 
black. The typical G. parisiense has booked prickles on the 
fruit.—Old walls and dry sandy places. A.? VI. VII. E. 
C. Leaves l-nerved. Root perennial. Fl. in terminal panicles. 
* Fruit not granulated. No downward prickles on the stem. 
8. G. erectum (Huds.) ; J. about 8 in a whorl lanceolate mucro- 
nate the margins rough with forward prickles, midrib slender, 
branches of the panicle all ascending, fruitstalks divaricated, fr. 
oval smooth, pet. taper-pointed.—H. B. 2067.—St. weak, gla- 
brous or hairy, ascending. L. lanceolate, scarcely at all obovate ; 
margins with 2 rows of prickles pointing forwards ; midrib beneath 
rather slender, smooth.—f. cinereum; 1. 6—8 im a whorl linear. 
—G. cinereum Sm., E. B.S. 2783. seems to be only a narrow- 
leaved variety. —G. aristatum (Sm.), E. B. 2784, has 1. in sixes but 
is probably a state of this—Hedges and pastures. P. VI. VII. 
9. G. Mollugo (L.); 1. about 8 in a whorl lanceolate-obovate 
or obovate-oblong cuspidate the margins rough with forward 
prickles, midrib slender, branches of the panicle many-flowered 
lower ones spreading horizontally oy deflexed, fruitstalks divari- 
cated, fr. glabrous, pet. cuspidate.—E. B. 1673.—St. ascending, 
square, thickened at the joinings, glabrous, or in 8. scabrum (Sm.) 
as well as the 1. hairy. Panicle large. Fi. small.—y. G. insu- 
bricum (Gaud.) ; 1. about 6 in a whorl obovate abruptly cuspidate, 
branches of the panicle few-flowered terminating in trichotomous 
umbels, floral 1. large, bracts large usually solitary —Hedges and 
thickets. y. Wimander Mere. P. VII. VIII. 
10. G. verum (L.); 1. about 8 in a whorl linear-setaceous with 
revolute margins channeled above downy beneath, panicles nume- 
HS 
