154 42. RUBIACER. 
rous small densely flowered subterminal, fruitstalks patent, fruct 
smooth, pet. obtuse and apiculate.—E. B. 660.—St. erect, slightly 
branched, somewhat woody, with numerous whorls of narrow de- 
flexed leaves. Fl. golden yellow, rarely green or straw-coloured, 
usually in numerous small dense panicles collected into a kind of 
terminal spike. St. and upper surface of the 1. sometimes downy 
or scabrous. On loose sands the st. are much more branched and 
the fl. sometimes solitary but agreeing in all other respects with 
this species.—Dry and sandy places. P. VII. VIII. 
** Fruit granulated not hairy. St. without downward prickles. 
ll. G. saxatile (L.); 1. about 6 in a whorl obovate poimted, 
panicles corymbose small, fl.- and fr.-stalks erect-patent, fr. gra- 
nulated, pet. acute—E. B. 815.—St. numerous, procumbent, 
much branched. lL. obovate, suddenly narrowed to a point, 
smooth, with a few marginal forward prickles.—Heaths. P. VII. 
VII. 
12. G. pusillum (L.); 1. about 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 
mucronate without marginal prickles, panicle few-flowered, fi.- 
and fr.-stalks erect-patent, fr. obsoletely granulated, pet. acute. 
—E.B.74. G. sylvestre Koch.—St. numerous, slender, square, 
branched, loosely spreading. L. often nearly glabrous or with 
marginal hairs (not prickles) spreading or backward never forward. 
Lower part of the stem and leaves sometimes densely covered with 
patent hairs. Fv. very minutely granulated—Limestone hills, 
rare. P. VII. VII. 
* Stem rough with downward prickles. 
13. G. uliginosum (L.); 1. 6—8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 
bristle-pointed with margins rough like the angles of the stem with 
backward prickles, panicles small axillary few-flowered trichoto- 
mous the branches patent 3-fid, fruitstalks straight, fruit granu- 
lated —E. B.1972.—Stems slender, brittle, about a foot high, 
weak. L. usually 6 ina whorl, discoloured at the tip and shortly 
acuminate. Branches of the small panicles erect-patent. Fr. dark 
brown.—Wet places. P. VII. VIII. 
14. G. palustre (L.); 1. 4 in a whorl linear-oblong broader 
upwards obtuse, panicle diffuse, fl. perfect, fruitstalks straight 
spreading at right angles, fr. smooth.—E. B. 1857.--St. 1—4 
feet high, weak, branched or simple. Lowest 1. usually 6 in a 
whorl, the rest in fours, 2 often much smaller. Fl. small, white. 
St. and branches nearly smooth.—f. G. Witheringii (Sm.); an- 
gles of the stem and margins and under sides of the 1. rough with 
backward bristles. . B.2206.—We appear to have two plants, 
1. G. palustre (L.); pan., fl., and fr. small, fr.-st. spreading at rt. 
