162 45. COMPOSITAE. 
C. Pappus of 2—5 stiff bristles. Receptacle scaly. 
(24.) 11. Bipzns. Heads homogamous, discoidal, sometimes 
radiant. Florets (of the ray neuter, ligulate;) of the disk 
herm., tubular. Receptacle flat. Phyll, in 2 rows, outer 
row spreading. Branches of the style surmounted by short 
cones. Fr. compressed, angular, rough at the edges, the 
angles terminating in 2—5 stiff retrorsely hispid bristles. 
Suborder IT. CYNAROCEPHALEZ. 
Florets all tubular. Style swollen below its branches. 
a. Anthers with 2 bristles at their base. 
25. SaussurEA. Florets all herm., tubular. Phyll. imbri- 
cated, unarmed. Receptacle scaly. Pappus in 2 rows, 
outer of short rough bristles, inner feathery. 
26. Cariina. Florets all herm., tubular. Phyll. imbricated, 
outer lax leaflike spose, mner linear membranous coloured 
and resembling aray. Receptacle with cleft scales. Pappus 
in 1 row, branched and feathery, connected into a ring below. 
27. Arcrium. Involucre globose. Phyll. imbricated, termi- 
nating in hooked points. Receptacle flat, with rigid subu- 
late scales. Fr. compressed, oblong. Pappus short, pilose, 
distinct. 
b. Anthers without bristles. 
* Pappus in many rows of different lengths ; inner row longest, 
longer than the fruit. 
28. SrrratuLa. Heads diccious by abortion. Phyll. im- 
bricated, sharp, unarmed. Scales of the receptacle split 
longitudinally into linear bristles. Fr. compressed, not 
beaked, basal areola oblique. Pappus persistent. 
** Pannus in many rows unequal ; second row longest, equal to 
‘pp y q s g q 
or shorter than the fruit, rarely none. 
29. Centaurea. Anthers with papillose filaments, involucre 
imbricated. Receptacle chaffy. F'r. attached laterally above 
the base to the receptacle. Pappus pilose, rarely 0. 
*** Pappus in many rows, equal, long. 
30. ONoporpuM. Receptacle honey-combed. Fr. 4-ribbed. 
Pappus rough. Otherwise like Carduus. 
