178 45. COMPOSITE. 
creeping. St. erect, 2 feet high, angular, furrowed, somewhat 
cottony, simple. Lower 1. oblong-ovate deeply pinnatifid, the 
segments often linear, downy on both surfaces but particularly 
beneath. Fy. all having persistent pappus. Florets yellow. 
Wher the 1. are divided into very narrow segments it is S. tenui- 
folius Jacq.—Calcareous soils. P. VII. VIII. 
6. S. Jacobea (L.); lower 1. oblong-obovate attenuated below 
lyrate-pinnatifid stalked, stem-l. sessile vipinnatifid, segments 
spreading oblong deeply and irregularly toothed and cut lower- 
most much divided clasping, outer phyll. scattered few lax, fr. 
hairy those of the ray glabrous.—E. B. 1130.—Root fleshy. St.2 
—3 feet high, smooth, striated, branched, leafy. Corymb with 
erect branches. L. glabrous. F'y. of the ray with deciduous pap- 
pus. Florets yellow. Ray sometimes wanting.— Waste ground. 
P. VIL—IX. Ragwort. 
7. S. aquaticus (Huds.); lower 1. stalked crenate or dentate 
obovate or oblong slightly produced at the base undivided or sub- 
lyrate obtuse, upper |. lyrate or pinnately cut, segments oblong 
or linear, st. round corymbosely branched, fr. all glabrous “ sub- 
muricate.—E. B. 1131.—St. erect, 1—4 feet high, simple or 
branched in the upper half, branches ascending. Terminal lobe 
of the lower 1. rounded below and narrowed into its stalk.— 
B. major ; 1. lyrate, terminal lobe truncate or subcordate below, 
segments subspathulate. St. with numerous branches.—In 
marshy places. P. VII. VIII. 
*kE Heads with spreading rays. Leaves undivided. 
8. S. paludosus (L.); 1. sessile elongate-lanceolate tapering 
sharply serrate cottony beneath, st. straight hollow, corymbs ter- 
minal.— £. B. 650.—St.4—6 feet high, somewhat woolly. Flo- 
rets yellow, of the ray narrow 13—16.—Fen ditches, very rare. 
P. V.-VII. E. 
9. S. saracenicus (L.); 2. sessile lanceolate acute glabrous irre- 
gularly serrate the teeth small incurved, st. straight solid, corymbs 
terminal, ray of 6—7 florets—-E. B. 221].—St. 3—5 feet high, 
smooth. L. broad. Corymb many-headed. Florets vellow.— 
Watery places, local. P. VIII. 
Tribe IV. Cynaree. 
Style of the hermaphrodite florets nodosely thickened above 
and often with a bunch of hairs at the knot; its branches united 
or free, downy externally. Stigmatic lines reaching to the apex 
of the branches and there confluent. 
Section 1. CARLINE_E. Heads many-fiowered, never di- 
cecious. Phyllaries in many rows, distinct, often spmous. Fila- 
