182 45. COMPOSITA. 
spreading, about a foot high. Fl. purplish.— Gravelly and sandy 
places. A. VII. VIII. Common Star-thistle. E. 
(8. C. Isnardi (L.); phyll. palmately spinous, spines nearly 
equal 3—5, innermost phyll. with a scarious obtuse lanceolate or 
shghtly spathulate appendage, heads terminal solitary, pappus of 
all the fr. in several rows, J. linear coarsely toothed narrowed 
below sessile rough, lower ones (and those of the primary stem ?) 
broader incise-dentate with clasping auricles—E. B. 2256.—St. 
procumbent, with long slender simple leafy branches each termi- 
nated by a solitary head. L. mostly linear, slightly toothed or 
entire—Fl. purple.—Distinguished from C. aspera only by its 
simple upper leaves.—Guernsey. P. VII. VIII.] 
Section 4. CARDUINE. Heads many-flowered, florets 
alltubular. Involucre in many rows of distinct spinous phyllaries. 
Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows, not surrounded by a 
prominent margin. 
30. Onororpum Linn. 
1. O. Acanthinum (L.); st. erect many-headed, 1. elliptic-ob- 
long woolly on both sides smuate spinous decurrent, outer phyll. 
lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading.—E. B.977.—St. 4 
—5 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, branched. In- 
volucre nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony ; phyll. frmged 
with minute spinous teeth. Florets purple.—Waste ground. B. 
VIII. Cotton Thistle. 
31. Carpuvus Linn. Thistle. 
[Many hybrids occur in this genus. ] 
* Pappus rough. Carpuus Sm., DC., Koch. 
1. C. nutans (L.); 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuated, 
heads solitary drooping hemispherical, phyll. lanceolate cottony 
outer ones refleed.—E. B. 1112.—St. 2 feet high, erect, angular, 
furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on both sides, with woolly 
veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy spinose-ciliated seg- 
ments ending in strong spines. Heads large; fl. crimson; un- 
opened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, intern. phyll. contracted 
above the base and then lanceolate——Waste ground. B. V.— 
VII. 
2. C. erispus (L.); 1. decurrent spinose-ciliated lanceolate 
glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 
dentate, heads aggregated roundish, phyll. linear-subulate erect or 
ascending.—E. B.9/3.—St. about 3 feet high. L. lanceolate, 
downy or woolly beneath. Heads small, usually clustered. Phyl. 
ending ina weak spine, ascending. Epigynous disk of fr. with a 
