CARDUUS. 183 
conical not angular tubercle.—8. C. acanthoides (L.); 1. broadly 
lanceolate, usually not downy beneath, head twice as large sohi- 
tary or rarely 2 or 3 together, phyll. strongly spinous erect, cen- 
tral tubercle of fr. 5-angled.—Dry banks and waste places. 8. is 
the less common plant. B.? VI—VIII. 
3. C. tenuiflorus (Curt.) ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous broadly 
lanceolate cottony beneath, segments ovate lobed, heads nume- 
rous aggregate sessile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate at- 
tenuated.— EF. B.412.—St. about 3 feet high, slightly branched, 
with broad deeply lobed spinous wings. L. deeply sinuate or pin- 
natifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. Florets pink.—Sandy 
places near the sea. B.? VI.—VIII. 
** Pappus feathery. Cnicus Linn. Sm. C1rstum Koch, DC. 
+ L. spinous-hairy above, fl. purple. 
4. C. lanceolatus (L.); 1. decurrent white and cottony beneath 
pinnatifid, lobes bifid with lanceolate entire segments each ter- 
minated by a strong spine, involucres ovate shaggy, phyll. lanceo- 
late spinous spreading. —E. B.107.—St. 3—4 feet high, erect, 
furrowed, hairy, with strong spinous wings. Heads terminal, soli- 
tary or 2 or 3 together, large; florets purple-—Waste ground. 
B. VIL. VII. Spear Thistle. 
5. C. eriophorus (L.); 1. half-clasping not decurrent white and. 
cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes bifid the segments lan- 
ceolate entire alternately pointing upwards and downwards and 
each terminated by a strong spine, involucres globose shaggy lan- 
ceolate with a long linear spinous-tipped reflexed point.— E. B. 
386.—St.3—4 feet high, much branched, furrowed, hairy. Root-]. 
1—2 feet long, lmear with long divergent lobes which form dou- 
ble rows in a very regular manner. Stem-l. similar but smaller. 
Heads very large ; involucre covered with a dense white web ; 
florets purple. A remarkably conspicuous plant.— Waste ground 
on a limestone soil. B. VIII. Woolly-headed Thistle. 
+t Leaves not spinous-hairy above. 
a. Limb of the cor, 5-parted to its base. Brena Less. 
6. C. arvensis (Curt.); heads subdicecious, 1. subsessile oblong- 
lanceolate pinnatifid spinous wavy, involucres ovate subglabrous, 
phyll. broadly lanceolate adpressed terminating in a short spread- 
ing spine, root creeping. —E. B. 975.—St. erect, 3—4 feet high, 
leafy, angular, corymbose above. L. very spinous, sessile or very 
slightly decurrent.—@. latifolius; 1. glabrous oblong broad sinu- 
ately lobed slightly wavy decurrent with an interrupted wavy 
spinous wing, uppermost nearly sessile, lobes obtuse fringed with 
strong equal spmes, im other respects like the type. I have only 
seen this plant in one district and on one visit.—fy. setosus ; 1. 
