332 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 



ovary implanted on the fundus uteri. The patient menstruated 

 regularly afterwards. Again, in a case recorded by Cramer of 

 Bonn,^ the ovary of a woman suffering from osteomalacia was 

 extirpated and transplanted into a second woman whose genital 

 organs were much atrophied. As a result of the graft the 

 genital organs of the woman in whom the ovary was trans- 

 planted became normal, menstruation started once more, and 

 the breasts secreted colostrum. In none of these cases, how- 

 ever, is there any record of post-mortem evidence showing that 

 the transplanted ovaries had become successfully attached. 



Halban ^ states that he found in monkeys that, whereas 

 menstruation ceased after double ovariotomy, it recurred again 

 after ovarian transplantation, even though the ovary was 

 grafted in a position different from the normal one. 



Those cases already referred to, in which atrophy of the 

 uterus took place after the removal of the ovaries, also indicate 

 the dependence of the menstrual and procestrous functions 

 upon the presence of ovarian tissue, since normal heat could not 

 occur if the uterus were in a condition of fibrotic degeneration, 

 while certain of Knauer's experiments ^ afiord evidence that 

 heat can be experienced by ammals in which the ovaries are 

 transplanted to abnormal positions. 



Veterinarians are generally agreed that heat does not occvu- 

 in dogs whose ovaries have been extirpated. Moreover, 

 ovariotomy is sometimes practised on mares in order to prevent 

 oestrus, and so suppress the vicious symptoms which are hable 

 to render the animals periodically unworkable.* 



Dr. JoUy and the author ^ have shown, further, that normal 

 prooestrum, followed by 03strus, can occur in dogs which only 

 possess transplanted ovaries, thus confirming the observations 

 of Knauer and Halban. In the experiments in question the 

 animals' own ovaries were removed, and a few weeks later the 



* Cramer (H.), " Transplantation menschlicher Ovarien,'' Miinchen. med. 

 Wochenschr., 1906. 



" Halban, " Uber den Einfluss der Ovarien auf die Entwiokelung des 

 Genitales," Siiz.-Ber. Akad. Wiaaenachaft, Wien, vol. ex., 1901. 

 ' Knauer, loc. cit. 



* Hobday, " Ovariotomy of Troublesome Mares," Veterinary Jour., New 

 Series, vol. xiii., April 1906. 



* Marshall and Jolly, " Contributions to the Physiology of Mammalian 

 Beproduction : Part II. The Ovary as an Organ of Internal Secretion," Phil. 

 Trans., B., vol. cxcviii., 1905. 



