NATURE, HISTORY, AND ETHICS 417 



We see from this that Darwinism may not only lead 

 to the prosperity, but also to the decadence, of a society, 

 as Nietzsche's " egoism " is built up rigorously on a 

 basis of selection. In fact he attributes a more 

 energetic action to selection than the social Darwinists 

 do, Nietzsche especially rejects the precept of love of 

 one's neighbour as " a morality of slaves." It is hatred 

 alone that makes the fittest to survive. " The strong 

 drift just as necessarily away from each other as the 

 weak do towards each other." Strong and masterful 

 men must arise who feel themselves bound by no 

 restrictions and follow unsparingly the primitive instinct 

 of man towards violence, with no regard for science or 

 morality. Science bids fair to-day to rob man of all his 

 self-esteem. Astronomy dwarfs him by reducing him 

 to insignificance in the great universe. Away with 

 science, then, since it hinders the development of man 

 and the beyond-man ! " Nothing is true ; all is 

 permitted." 



The State is an evil. Men cannot give the rein to 

 their violence in it, until they at last turn it against 

 themselves and mutilate themselves. This was the 

 origin of conscience, another evil, according to 

 Nietzsche. The primitive human instinct to fierce- 

 ness cannot express itself externally and is reflected 

 inwards. 



But a time is coming when men will live as mastery 

 once more. When one great State embraces the whole 

 world and no enemies threaten it, the older selection 

 will no longer be a condition of existence. Then 



