HIVES AND APPLIANCES 31 
be used for the part which covers the neck, as 
being cooler during the heat of the summer. 
The smoker should preferably be of the ‘ Bing- 
ham ”’ pattern, and of a good size and quality. 
The best articles are made of sheet steel, and 
these are to be preferred, for a poor smoker may 
be worn out in a season’s working. Gloves should 
““not be worn. Their use makes the bees more irri- 
table than they would otherwise be. This is mainly 
on account of the clumsy way in which their owner 
handles the frames; clumsy he perforce must be 
with gloves on, for no skilful bee-work can be 
done except with the naked hands. 
Other articles which will be needed are feeders 
(one for each colony), excluder zinc (one sheet 
for each hive), an extractor if extracted honey is 
to be worked for, sections and section racks if 
comb honey is desired. In the case of extracted 
honey a supply of supers and shallow frames will 
be needed, as well as spare standard frames for the 
brood-boxes. 
One or two queen-cages are also necessary, in 
fact indispensable at times. As will be seen, a 
certain number of the articles in this list may be 
eliminated if the bee-keeper decides to work for 
honey in one form or Other only, and it may be 
said at once that it will be found in nine cases 
out of ten that extracted honey will be- the best 
form in which to turn out the produce. The ex- 
planation of this will be given later. 
With regard to this list it should be noted that 
